بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر دبی، نیترات و عملکرد محصول در بالادست سد استقلال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب/ دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، پردیس فنی و مهندسی شهید عباسپور، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار/ گروه منابع آب، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، پردیس فنی و مهندسی شهید عباسپور، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب/ دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط زیست، پردیس فنی و مهندسی شهید عباسپور، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در این مقاله برای بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر دبی و کیفیت آب ورودی به سد استقلال در حوضه آبریز میناب از مدل SWAT استفاده شده است. اثرات 4 سناریو (RCP2.6، RCP4.5، RCP6 و RCP8.5) در 5 مدل GCM (GFDL-ESM2M، MIROC، IPSL-CM5A-LR، HadGEM2-ES و NoerESM1-M) بر دبی، نیترات و عملکرد محصول بررسی شد. طبق تحلیل‌ها و بررسی به عمل آمده تحت سناریوهای مختلف تغییر اقلیم بیشترین کاهش و افزایش میانگین بارش سالانه به ترتیب مربوط به سناریو RCP8.5 و RCP6 مدل NoerESM1-M با میزان 8/34 و 2/37 درصد است. در وضع موجود سهم بارش در فصل زمستان 8/65، بهار 1/5، تابستان 8/1 و پاییز 4/27 درصد است. تغییر عملکرد محصولات بستگی به نوع محصول و دوره آبیاری آن دارد. به دلیل اینکه 77 درصد نیاز آبی محصول باقلا در زمستان است میانگین عملکرد این محصول 19 درصد افزایش می‌یابد، زیرا طبق نتایج مدل‌ها سهم بارش در زمستان 9 درصد افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین 75 درصد از نیاز آبی گندم و 44 درصد از نیاز آبی بادمجان در فصول پاییز و زمستان است که افزایش و ثبات بارش در این فصل‌ها باعث تغییرات اندک عملکرد این محصولات شده است. در مقابل 80 درصد نیاز آبی محصول ذرت در تابستان است و با توجه به کاهش شدید بارش در فصل‌ تابستان (15 درصد)، عملکرد محصول ذرت 17 درصد کاهش داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of climate change on discharge, NO3 load, and agricultural products yield upstream of Esteghlal dam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Yousefi 1
  • Ali Moridi 2
  • Jafar Yazdi 2
  • Ahmad KhazaiePoul 3
1 M.Sc. of Water Resources Management and Engineering, Water Resources Engineering Department, Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Water Resources Engineering Department, Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate, Water Resources Engineering Department, Civil, Water and Engineering Environmental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this paper, the SWAT model is used to study the effects of climate change on discharge and water quality of inflow of Esteghlal reservoir in Minab catchment. Climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5) in 5 GCMs (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC, NoerESM1-M) to simulate future discharge, NO3 load, and agricultural products yield, were applied. According to the analysis of different climate change scenarios, the highest average annual precipitation decrease and increase were 34.8% and 37.2% in RCP8.5 and RCP6 scenarios in NoRESM1-M model, respectively. In the baseline period, the share of precipitation in winter is 65.8%, spring 5.1%, summer 1.8% and fall 27.4%. Crop yield change depends on the type of crop and its irrigation period. Because of the 77% water requirement of lima bean crop in winter, the average yield of this crop increases by 19%, as models show that the share of precipitation in winter increases by 9%. Also, 75% of water requirement of wheat and 44% of water requirement of eggplant is in autumn and winter that increased and stabilized rainfall in these seasons caused slight variations in yield. In contrast, 80%of water requirement of corn crop is in summer, and due to the severe decrease in precipitation in summer (15%), corn yield has decreased by 17%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • SWAT
  • Basin’s quality and quantity management
  • NO3
  • Crop yield
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