ارائه الگوهای جهانی مدیریت پایدار منابع آب زیرزمینی جهت بهبود طرح احیا و تعادل بخشی در کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار/ موسسه تحقیقات آب.

چکیده

آب زیرزمینی حیاتی‌ترین منبع تأمین آب در ایران است که بهره‌برداری پایدار از آن، از ضروریات اجتناب‌ناپذیر محسوب می‏شود. متأسفانه در چندین دهه گذشته، منابع آبی کشور ازنظر کمیت و کیفیت در وضعیت بحرانی است و تشدید افت سطح آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان‏ها ممنوعیت بیش از 403 محدوده از 609 محدوده مطالعاتی و کسری مخزن تجمعی 135 میلیارد مترمکعب را به دنبال داشته است. در سال 1393، اجرای طرح احیاء و تعادل‌بخشی منابع آب زیرزمینی کشور باهدف متعادل کردن میزان برداشت آب به تصویب رسید. علی‏رغم تلاش‏های وزارت نیرو طی 5 سال اخیر ذیل این طرح، روند تراز آب‏های زیرزمینی همچنان نزولی است. بنابراین در فاز بعدی اجرای این طرح نیاز به یک ارزیابی عملکرد و یافتن دلایل عدم موفقیت است. در این مقاله از رویکرد ارزیابی از طریق مطالعات تطبیقی با هدف استفاده از الگوهای جهانی در بازنگری طرح احیا و تعادل بخشی و تغییر در اجرای برنامه‏های مدیریتی، جهت بهره‏وری بهتر این طرح و تغییر رویکرد برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی در کشور، استفاده شده است. لذا کشورهای پیشتاز (آمریکا، اسپانیا و هند) در زمینه برنامه‏های مدیریت پایدار منابع آب جهت انجام مطالعات تطبیقی مشخص‌شده است. بر اساس تجربیات سایر کشورها، به‌منظور افزایش اثربخشی طرح احیاء و تعادل‌بخشی، به‌عنوان مؤثرترین عامل نیاز به اصلاح ساختار حکمرانی آب و مشارکت جوامع محلی است و بدون دخالت عموم مردم و یا جامعه هدف، نمی‌توان دسترسی به نتیجه ملموسی در زمینه مدیریت بهینه منابع آب و احیای آبخوان‌ها را متصور شد. همچنین اعمال مدیریت یکپارچه و انطباقی منابع آب الزامی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Providing Sustainable Global Groundwater Resources Management Models to Improve the Sustainability Plan in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Saeideh Samani
Assistant Professor, Water Research Institute
چکیده [English]

Groundwater is the most vital source of water supply in Iran, and its sustainable use is an unavoidable necessity. Unfortunately, in the last few decades, the country's water resources have been in crisis in terms of quantity and quality, and the decline in groundwater aquifer levels has led to serious restrictions in more than 404 of 609 study areas, and a cumulative storage deficit of around 135 billion cubic meters in groundwater resources. In 2014, the implementation of the Groundwater Resources Sustainability Management Plan was approved by the Ministry of Energy to reduce groundwater abstraction. Despite the efforts of the Ministry of Energy over the past five years, the groundwater level is still declining. The use of global models in sustainability management projects can be a great help to better productivity of this project and change the approach of extracting groundwater resources in the country. Therefore, in this article, the leading countries in the field of sustainable water resources management programs have been identified and water resources sustainability laws have been extracted in these countries for implementation in Iran, to improve the rehabilitation and balancing plan in the next phases. Based on the experience of other countries, to increase the effectiveness of the sustainability plan, the most effective factor is the need to reform the structure of water governance and participation of local communities and without public participation, no tangible results can be achieved. It is also necessary to apply integrated and adaptive management of water resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Sustainable Management Pattern"
  • "Participatory Management"
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