بررسی وضعیت کیفی رودخانه هراز با استفاده از مدلسازی عددی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

رودخانه ها به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین منابع تامین آب مصرفی، در سراسر جهان از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند. توسعه روزافزون شهرنشینی، فعالیت های صنعتی و افزایش قابل توجه حجم پساب های شهری موجب آلودگی رودخانه ها گشته و کیفیت آب این منابع حیاتی را در بسیاری از نقاط مورد مخاطره جدی قرار داده است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل عددی QUAL2K به بررسی وضعیت کیفی رودخانه هراز و شناسایی تاثیر پساب های ورودی به رودخانه پرداخته شده است. مطابق نتایج حاصل از مدلسازی کیفی رودخانه در سال 1395، در کیلومتر 48 که سد انحرافی آمل واقع شده است، بواسطه کاهش سرعت جریان و دبی، ضمن افزایش تخلیه آلاینده های مربوط به کارگاه ها و کارخانجات به رودخانه، میزان BOD دچار افزایش ناگهانی می گردد. در فصول بهار و تابستان، حدفاصل سد انحرافی آمل تا مصب رودخانه مقدار غلظت اکسیژن محلول در حالت بحرانی واقع شده است. به لحاظ اسیدیته، آب رودخانه هراز دارای خاصیت قلیایی می باشد. پارامتر هدایت الکتریکی نیز به دلیل ته نشینی تدریجی جامدات محلول و معلق در آب، در طول رودخانه روندی نزولی را طی می کند. غلظت نیترات موجود در آب نیز پس از سد انحرافی دچار جهش افزایشی می گردد، هر چند که در کل مقدار قابل توجهی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Quality Status of Haraz River Using Numerical Modeling

نویسنده [English]

  • Shirin Farkhani
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Rivers are amongst the most important sources of water supply all over the world. Increasing urban development, industrial activities and a significant increase in the volume of urban effluents have polluted rivers and in many places water quality of these vital resources have been seriously endangered. In this study, using the QUAL2K numerical model, the quality status of Haraz River has been investigated and the impact of effluents entering the river has been identified. According to the results of qualitative modeling of the river in 2016, at kilometer 48, where the Amol diversion dam is located, the BOD rate suddenly increases which is due to the reduction of flow velocity and discharge and the increase in the discharge of pollutants to the river related to workshops and factories. In spring and summer the concentration of dissolved oxygen is critical in the reaches from Amol diversion dam to the estuary of the river by the Caspian Sea. In terms of acidity, the water of Haraz River is alkaline. The EC parameter also decreases along the river due to the gradual deposition of soluble and suspended solids into the water. The concentration of nitrate in water also increases after the diversion dam, although it is not significant in total.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Numerical Modeling
  • Water Quality
  • Haraz River
  • QUAL2K
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