بررسی قابلیت گیاهان بومی در گیاه پالایی فلزات سنگین و مواد مغذی در مخازن سدهای لتیان و لار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی محیط زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

بررسی و کنترل تجمع زیستی فلزات سنگین به دلیل بار آلودگی، خطر اکولوژیکی و عوارض بسیار بالایی که برای سلامت انسان‌ها و همچنین نامشخص بودن نوع، مقدار و چگونگی ورود آلاینده‌ها به منابع آبی دارد از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار می‌باشد، در این راستا تعیین میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین و نیترات و فسفات در مخازن سدهای لتیان و لار و همچنین پتانسیل گیاهان لمنا، لویی و آب­تره در گیاه‌پالایی فلزات سنگین و مواد مغذی این منابع مدنظر این بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور 40 نمونه آب از اعماق مختلف دریاچة سدهای لتیان و لار و 3 نمونه از قسمت برگ گونه‌های گیاهی در فواصل تصادفی در فصول تابستان و پاییز جمع­آوری و پس از آماده­سازی و فرآوری نمونه­ها در آزمایشگاه، میانگین غلظت باقیمانده عناصر توسط دستگاه­های ICP و اسپکتروفتومتر قرائت شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده میانگین غلظت عناصر مس، سرب، آهن و نیترات در دریاچة سد لتیان به ترتیب 0/009، 0/27 ،0/10 و 0/07 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در دریاچة سد لار به ترتیب 0/004، 0/26، 0/06 و 1/27 میلی‌گرم در لیتر را نشان داد که در تمامی موارد به­جز عنصر سرب کمتر از حد مجاز استانداردهای مربوطه بود. همچنین میانگین غلظت فسفات در دریاچة سد لتیان و لار به ترتیب 0/07 و 1/27 میلی­گرم در لیتر بوده که در سد لتیان کمتر و در سد لار بیشتر از حد استاندارد می­باشد. همچنین، در سد لتیان گیاه لمنا در حذف عناصر سرب و فسفات، گیاه لویی در حذف آهن و آب­تره در حذف مس و نیترات کارایی بالایی داشته اما در سد لار گیاه لویی در حذف عنصر آهن، مس، سرب و نیترات، آب­تره در حذف فسفات کارایی بالاتری داشته است. کم بودن میانگین غلظت عناصر سنگین در مخزن سد لار نسبت به سد لتیان با مساحت قابل‌توجه مراتع خوب و بارش فراوان در حوضه آبریز لار مرتبط است؛ بنابراین نوع کاربری اراضی، الگوی پوشش گیاهی و رطوبت هوا در حوضه‌های آبریز جاجرود و لار بر این مسأله تأثیرگذار می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Potential of Native Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Nutrients in the Latian and Lar Dam Reservoirs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Kakoei Dinaki 1
  • Mehrdad Cheraghi 2
  • Bahareh Lorestani 2
  • Soheil SobhanArdakani 3
  • Atefeh Chamani 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Environmental Science, Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor in Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Professor in Environmental Science, Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Investigation and control of bioaccumulation of heavy metals is very important due to pollution load, ecological risk and very high consequences to human health as well as the uncertainty of the type, amount and manner of pollutants entering water sources. In this regard, determining the level of pollution of heavy metals, nitrate and phosphate in the Latian and Lar dam reservoirs, as well as the potential of Lemna minor, Typha Latifolica and Nasturtium microphyll in phytoremediation of heavy metals and nutrients of these sources were considered in this study. For this purpose, 40 water samples were collected from different depths of Latian and Lar dam lakes as well as 3 samples from the leaves of plant species at random intervals in summer and autumn. After preparing and processing the samples in the laboratory, the average residual concentration of elements was read by ICP. Results showed the mean concentrations of copper, lead, iron and nitrate in Latian dam lake as 0.009, 0.27, 0.10 and 0.07 mg/l, respectively. In Lar dam lake the concentrations were respectively 0.004, 0.26, 0.06 and 1.27 mg/l. In all cases except lead, the values were less than the standard allowable limits. Also, the average phosphate concentrations in Latian and Lar dam reservoirs were 0.07 and 1.27 mg/l, respectively, which was over the standard allowable limit in Lar dam reservoir. Also, in Latian dam, Lemna minor plant has high efficiency in removing lead and phosphate elements, Typha Latifolica has high efficiency in removing iron, and leek juice has high efficiency in removing copper and nitrate. In Lar dam, Typha Latifolica was more efficient in removing iron, copper, lead and nitrate, and leek juice in removing Phosphate. The low average concentration of heavy elements in the reservoir of Lar Dam compared to Latian Dam is related to the considerable area of ​​good pastures and heavy rainfall in the Lar catchment; i.e. the type of land use, vegetation pattern and air humidity in Jajroud and Lar Dam catchments affect this issue.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Resources
  • Heavy Metal Pollution
  • Phytoremediation
  • Latian Dam
  • Lar Dam
AbediKoopai J, Gamalian M, Dorafshan M (2019) Improving the quality of leachate from Isfahan landfill by phytoremediation method using vetiver and straw plants for use in green space irrigation. Journal of Water and Wastewater 127(31):101-111 (In Persian)
Adamia G, Choogovadze M, Chokheli L, Gigolashvili G, Gordeziani M, Khatisashvil G, Kurashvill M, Pruidze M, Varazi T (2018) About possibility of alga spirulina application for phytoremediation of water polluted with 2,4,6- trinitrotolouen. Annals of Agrarian Science 16(3):1512-1887
 Ahmadi H, Malekian A, Abedi R (2011) The most appropriate statistical method for estimating suspended sediment of Jajrud River (Case study: Rudak station of Jajrud watershed). Journal of Environmental Erosion Research 2(5):78-88 (In Persian)
 Ahmadpoor Z, Khormiyova M, Jalali Honarmand S, Chogha Mirza K, Khan Ahmadi M (2014) The ability of spring grass (Nastutium officinale) and mint (Mentha pulegium) to absorb excess water nitrate and phosphate. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Technology) 29(4):765-775 (In Persian)
Amonia A, Shayan S, Yamani M (2018) Identification of erosion areas using surface albedo algorithm of Landsat 8 satellite images (Case study of Jajrud watershed). Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering 13(44):114-122
Asghari Saraskanrood P, Faizullahpour M, Mohammad Nejad V (2012) Investigation of Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) in Jajroud River Basin. Quantitative Geomorphological Research 2(1):67-78 (In Persian)
Askari A, Velayatzadeh M (2013) Heavy metals in aquatic. Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz 1(1):380-391 (In Persian)
Ayatollah Sh, Sobhan Ardakani S, Ehteshami M, Hossein Shahi D, Salehi Vaziri A, Talebi P (2011) Evaluation of the efficiency of Louis plant in subsurface artificial wetland in Yazd municipal wastewater treatment. Journal of Health and Development 12(1):33-43 (In Persian)
Azami J, Moradpour H, Keiani Mehr N (2015) A review of biomarkers of heavy metal contaminated environments. Quarterly Journal of Man and the Environment 2(15):13-24 (In Persian)
Bianchi E, Biancalani A, Beradi C, Antal A, Fibbi D, Coppi A, Lastrucci L, Bussoti N, Colzi I, Renai L, Scordo C, Delbaba M (2020) Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants: Bio-removal of heavy-metals and pharmaceuticals by Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta. Science of the Total Environment 746:141-219
Chang H, Yang X, Fang H (2009) In-situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial-plant integrated system. Journal of Zhejiang University17(7):521-531
Christian R, Lauchlan H (2005) The interacting effects of temperature and plant community type on nutrient removal in wetland microcosms. Postharvest Biology and Technology 96(9):1039-1047
Firooz Shahian N, Payende K, Sabzalipour S (2018) Monitoring of heavy elements of cadmium, nickel and vanadium in aquatic plants of straw and louie in Horalazim wetland of Khuzestan province. Journal of Animal Environment 11(4):359-368 (In Persian)
Galcynksa M, Mankowska N, Milke J, Busko M (2019) Possibilities and limitations of using Lemna minor, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae and Ceratophyllum demersum in removing metals with contaminated water. Journal of Waters and Land Development 40(3):161–173
Ghanad poor J, Zand Moghaddam A, Safahie A (2009) Accumulation of heavy metals lead, zinc, nickel and cadmium in Louis (Typha latifolia) and Arvand and Bahmanshir river sediments in winter. Quarterly Journal of Wetlands-Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch 2(5):29-36 (In Persian)
 Hamidian A, Nowruznia H, Mirzaei R (2015) Phytoremediation capability of Nelumbo nucifera aquatic plant in the removal of heavy metals (copper, chromium, lead, arsenic and cadmium) in Anzali Wetland. Journal of Natural Environment, Natural Resources of Iran 63(9):643-633 (In Persian)
Harguinteguy C, Cofre M, Fernandez Cirelli A, Pignata M (2016) The macrophytes Potamogeton pusillus L. and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. as potential bioindicators of a river contaminated by heavy metals. Microchemical Journal 124(1):228–234
Hassan Pour M,  Pourkhbaz A, Victim  R (2010) Measurement of heavy metals in water, sediment and wild bird Changar in the southeastern shore of the Caspian Sea. Quarterly Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 21(1):121-130 (In Persian)
Hosseini zare N,Gholami A, Panahpoor A, Nejadi A (2015) Identification and determination of pollution contamination of agricultural pollutants in Karun and Dez river basins. Engineering and Irrigation Sciences (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 39(3):121-134 (In Persian)
Javanshir khoei A, Verno A, Rafei Gh (2014) Evaluation of the performance of algae-bacterial biofilm system based on treatment Biological of urban wastewater. Journal of Aquatic Ecology 4(4):8-17 (In Persian)
Kamasi M, Sharghi S (2016) Outing and classification of effective factors in the groundwater level decline using cross and coherence wavelet transforms: Case study Silakhor Plain Aquifer. Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering 7(28):138-150 (In Persian)
Kara Y (2005) Bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn and Ni from the wastewater by treated Nasturtium officinale. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2(1):63-67
Kazemzadeh Khoei J, Nouri A, Purng N, Alizadeh M, Qureshi H (2011) Investigation and measurement of heavy metals nickel, lead, copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium and vanadium in edible vegetables south of Tehran refinery. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Research 3(6):65-74 (In Persian)
Lui R, Xu F, Zhang P, Yu W, Cong M (2016) Identifying non- point source critical source areas based on multi factors at a basin scale with SWAT. Journal of Hydrology 53(1):379-388
Mahajan P, Kaushal J (2018) Role of phytoremediation in reducing cadmium toxicity in soil and water. Journal of Toxicology 2018(1):1-17
Malakotian M, Khashi Z (2013) Investigation of concentrations of heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper in drinking water resources of southeastern villages of Rafsanjan plain. Journal of Field Health 2(1):1-9 (In Persian)
Mohammad T, Hamad M (2020) Comparative study on the performance of Typha latifolia and Cyperus Papyrus on the removal of heavy metals and enteric bacteria from wastewater by surface constructed wetlands. Chemosphere Journals 260(1):127-551
Mohammadi Golrang B, Mashayekhi M, Habibi M (2006) Economic evaluation of dams built on Lar river (Tehran province). Journal of Geographical Research 85(1):114-138 (In Persian)
Mozaffarizadeh J, Sajjadi Z (2013) Investigation of chemical pollution of groundwater in Borazjan plain, Journal of Southern Medicine 17(5):927-937 (In Persian)
Munwari M, Nouri J, Sohrabunia N (2012) Effect of phytoplankton accumulation on water quality of Karaj Dam. Quarterly Journal of Water and Wastewater 24(2):19-30
Nedjimi B (2021) Phytoremediation: A sustainable environmental technology for heavy metal decontamination. SN Applied Science Nature Journal 3:286
pasandidehfard Z, Salman Mahini A, Mirkarimi H, Gholamalifard M (2013) Modeling non-point pollution using Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide the Best Management Practices (BMP) in Gorganrood watershed. Quarterly Journal of Applied Ecology 3(8(:43-53 (In Persian)
Qaeni M, Romani L, Safar khanlo H (2013) Investigation of Arsenic, Mercury, Zinc and Copper in Kara, Ney, Louis and Pirooz aquatic plants in Dez River.  Quarterly Journal of Wetland Eco-Biology Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch 6(22):49-58
Rajaee F, Ismaili Sari A, Salman Mahini A, Delaware M, Masah boani A (2014) Investigating the relationship between the shape and structure of vegetation spots with non-point pollution sources to provide management solutions to improve water quality. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2(3):455-464 (In Persian)
Rastmanesh F, Zarasvandi A, Safaei S (2016) Investigation of heavy metal pollution in Khorramabad river sediments. 32nd Meeting and the First International Congress of Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran 5(17):11-22
Romiani L, Payende Kh (2016) Investigation of accumulation of heavy metals in water, surface sediments and four species of aquatic plants of Karkheh River. Quarterly Journal of Wetland Ecology Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch 9(33):64-89 (In Persian)
Sahihi Oskooi T, Jafari M, Javadi A, Tahmourth M (2019) Evaluation of phytoremediation ability of rangeland species to soils contaminated with copper and manganese. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 51(6):1570-1594
Samimi Loghmani S, Abbaspour A, Qasemzadeh Ganjaei M, Samsar H (2013) The role of Louis aquatic plant in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Research 20(5):99-114 (In Persian)
Shen Z, Hou X, Li W, Ainia G, Chen L, Gong Y (2015) Impact of landscape pattern at multiple spatial scales on water quality; A case study in a typical urbanized watershed in China. Journal of Ecological Indicators 48(1):417-427
Singh G, Sarawat D (2016) Development and evaluation of targeted marginal land mapping approach in SWAT model for simulating water quality impacts of selected second-generation bio feedstock. Journal of Environmental Modeling and Software 81(1):26-39
 Sufian J, Golchin A, Jahanban L, Gheiratie Arani L (2019) The effect of cadmium application and salinity of aqueous solutions on the growth and concentration of nutrients in aqueous Lemna. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology) 32(3):582–595
Subhanarkani S, Ayatollah Sh, Ehteshami M, Hossein shahi D (2011) Efficiency of Louis plant in subsurface artificial wetland in Yazd municipal wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Health and Development 5(1):63-69 (In Persian)
Ugya A, Toma I, Abba A (2015) Comparative studies on the efficiency of lemna minor l., eicchorniacrassipes and pistiastratiotes in the phytoremediation of refinery waste water. Science World Journal 10(3):32-36
Wang W, Yue Q, Xu X, Gao B, Zhang J (2010) Optimized conditions in preparation of giant reed quaternary amino anion exchanger for phosphate removal. Chemical Engineering Journal 157(1):161-167
Zeigera S, Hubbart J (2016) A SWOT model validation of nested-scale contemporaneous stream flow, suspended sediment and nutrients from a multiple land use watershed of the central USA. Journal of Science of the Total Environment 27(3):89-92