تحلیل بستر نهادی سیستم منابع آب زیرزمینی محدوده رفسنجان با رویکرد پویایی سیستم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری/ مهندسی منابع آب دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار / گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 دانشیار /گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

بهره‌برداری ناپایدار از منابع آب زیرزمینی باعث افت آبخوان‌ها و به‌تبع آن آثار اجتماعی-اکولوژیکی گسترده‌ای در سطح کشور گردیده است. محققین برای برون‌رفت از این بحران رویکردهای مختلفی را موردبررسی قرار داده‌اند. عمده این مطالعات به‌ویژه در ایران، تأکید ویژه‌ای بر ابعاد مهندسی داشته است درصورتی‌که اصول حاکم بر مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب، نگرشی بین رشته‌ای را مورد توجه قرار داده است. مشکل کاهش سطح ایستابی محدوده رفسنجان یکی از این قبیل مشکلات است. لذا در این مقاله به بررسی تأثیرات بستر نهادی بر شکل‌گیری مشکلات این محدوده پرداخته می‌شود. بدین منظور با استفاده از ابزار دیاگرام‌های علی-معلولی در رویکرد پویایی سیستم، مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با بستر نهادی منابع آب زیرزمینی در دو مقیاس منطقه‌ای و کلان مورد واکاوی قرار گرفت. در مقیاس منطقه‌ای، با تمرکز بر منابع آب زیرزمینی محدوده رفسنجان، ساختار دینامیکی و ابعاد آن ترسیم گردید. در مقیاس کلان تأثیر "برنامه‌های عمرانی و توسعه "و " قوانین رسمی" در تشدید وضعیت بازوی رشد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از مشاهده سازوکار "رشد بیش ‌از حد و افول (Overshoot and collapse)" در مقیاس منطقه‌ای است که نه‌تنها بستر نهادی باعث کنترل بازوی رشد آن نشده بلکه به‌خودی‌خود با فعال کردن سازوکارهای "تقلیل اهداف"، "جابجایی مشکل" و "راه‌حل‌هایی که شکست می‌خورند" باعث تشدید آن گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A System Dynamics Insight to Institutional context Analysis of groundwater resources in Rafsanjan Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Farzaneh 1
  • A. Bagheri 2
  • F. Momeni 3
1 Water Resources Engineering Post Graduate, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Email: mrf.farzaneh@gmail.com
2 Water Resources Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Economics, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Unsustainable use of groundwater resources caused drop in the water table and then has had widespread socio-ecological effects throughout the country. Different approaches have been studied by researchers to control the crisis. Most of those studies focus on engineering aspects, while in the principles of the integrated water resources management; it is emphasized on interdisciplinary approaches. Dealing with the problem of decrease of water table in Rafsanjan, thie paper examines the effects of the institutional context in the formation of such problems. Therefore, using the causal loop diagrams, the paper aims to analyze the factors related to the institutional context of groundwater resources in the regional and national scales. At the regional scale, with a focus on groundwater resources of Rafsanjan, dynamic structures were identified. In the national scale, the role of "formal rules" in reinforcing the growth dynamics was evaluated. The results suggest an overshoot and collapse mechanism dominate in the regional scale where the institutional context has not been capable of controlling the growth dynamics, but reinforced the growth dynamics through the mechanisms of "Shifting the burden ", "Eroding goals ", and "Fixes that fail ".

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Institutional context analysis
  • system dynamics
  • Groundwater resources
  • Rafsanjan
Abtahi SM (2006) Economy of pistachio. Farzaneh Book, 1st Publication, 212p (In Persian)
Agah M, Hassani Saadi M (2014) Water rights in Iran plain regarding economic and social changes. Iranian Water Plan Institition, 144p (In Persian)
Aghanasiri M (2012) A review of investing trend of agriculture section in four developing programs in Iran. Journal of Economy, (monthly), Assessment of economic policies 12(4,5):61-78 (In Persian)
Ale-Yasin A (2013) History of development planning in Iran. Samar Publications, 360p (In Persian)
Allan T (2006) IWRM: the new sanctioned discourse. In: Mollinga PP, Dixit A, Athukorala K (eds) Integrated water resources management: global theory, emerging practice and local needs, Sage, New Delhi, pp: 38-63
Anderies JM, Janssen MA, Ostrom E (2004) A framework to analyze the robustness of social-ecological systems from an institutional perspective. Ecology and Society 9(1):18
Babaeian F (2015) Vulnerability assessment of the socio-economic and water resource system in Rafsanjan study area to water scarcity based on the water accounting framework, MSc thesis in Water Resources Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (In Persian)
Bagheri A, Hjorth P (2007) Planning for sustainable development: A paradigm shift towards a process-based approach. Sustainable Development 15(2):83-96
Bagheri A, Darijani M, Asgary A, Morid S (2010) Crisis in urban water systems during the reconstruction period: a system dynamics analysis of alternative policies after the 2003 earthquake in Bam-Iran. Water Resources Management 24(11):2567-2596
Braun W (2002) The system archetypes. System, p. 27.
Ghafouri Fard S (2014) Integrated assessment of water resources system in Rafsanjan. MSc Thesis in Water Resources Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (In Persian)
Jaghdani TJ (2012) Demand for irrigation water from depleting groundwater resources: an econometric approach, Doctoral Dissertation, Niedersächsische Staatsund Universitäts Bibliothek Göttingen
Katouzian MA, Nafisi MR (2015) Political economy of Iran from the Constitutional period to the end of Pahlavi dynasty. Markaz Publications, 450p (In Persian)
Madani K (2014) Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis? Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 4(4):315-328
Mantzavinos C, North DC, Shariq S (2004) Learning, institutions, and economic performance. Perspectives on Politics 2(01):75-84
Mirzaei Khalilabadi H, Chidzi A (2004) Determining technical efficiency and optimized amount of water in pistachio production (case study: Rafsanjan town). Research and Development 17(1):43-49
Mortazavi SM, Soleimani K, Ghaffari Movaffagh F (2011) Water resources management and sustainable development; a case study in Rafsanjan plain. Research and Science Quarterly of Water and Wastewater 22(78):126-131 (In Persian)
North DC (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press, 152p
Ostrom E (2005) Understanding institutional diversity, Princeton University Press, 355p
Ostrom E, (2009) A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 325:419-422
Sarker A, Itoh T, Kada R, Abe T, Nakashima M, Herath G (2014) User self-governance in a complex policy design for managing water commons in Japan. Journal of Hydrology 510:246-258
Senge PM, (1991) The Fifth Discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization, Cureency Doubieday, 412p
Shahbazbegian M, Bagheri A (2010) Rethinking assessment of drought impacts: a systemic approach towards sustainability. Sustainability Science 5(2):223-236
Sterman JD (2000) Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 982p
Torkamani J, Abdollahi Ezzatabadi M (2005) Application of compromise programming in scarce resources management; a case study in groundwater resources in Rafsanjan town. Journal of Water and Soil Sciences 9(3):43-54 (In Persian)
Wolstenholme E (2004) Using generic system archetypes to support thinking and modelling. System Dynamics Review 20(4):341-356