شبیه‌سازی اثرات تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از مدل‌های اقلیمی CMIP5 و CMIP6 بر رواناب با استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی SWAT (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز طشک-بختگان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم به‌صورت مستقیم بر روی مؤلفه‌های هیدرولوژیک و منابع آبی تأثیرگذار است و نقش مهمی در تشدید خطرات احتمالی همچون خشکسالی و سیلاب دارد. لذا بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر مؤلفه‌های آبی همچون رواناب امری ضروری است. از این رو در این مطالعه، وضعیت رواناب حوضه‌ طشک- بختگان به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین حوضه‌های کشور از نظر زیست‌محیطی در شرایط تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از مدل SWAT مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شبیه‌سازی رواناب با اعمال شرایط تغییر اقلیم برای مدل‌های GFDL-ESM2M و IPSL_CMA5_LR تحت سناریوهای RCP2.6 و RCP8.5 و مدل‌های GFDL-ESM4 و IPSL_CMA6_LR تحت سناریوهای SSP1-2.6 و SSP5-8.5 در دوره‌ آینده‌ نزدیک (2050-2021) انجام شد. نتایج واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل SWAT با استفاده از شاخص‌های R2، NSH و RMSE به ترتیب در بازه‌ (0/99-0/70)، (0/98-0/51) و (14/4-0/9) متر مکعب بر ثانیه قرار دارد که نشان‌دهنده دقت زیاد واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل است. بررسی وضعیت متغیر‌های اقلیمی بارش و دمای حداقل و حداکثر در شرایط تغییر اقلیم، افزایش دما (2/91-1/51 درجه‌ سلسیوس) برای تمامی مدل‌ها و سناریوها و کاهش بارش  (11/15-0/05 درصد) را در اغلب مدل‌ها و سناریو‌ها نشان می‌دهد. شبیه‌سازی مدل هیدرولوژیک SWAT در شرایط تغییر اقلیم در هر 4 ایستگاه تحت سناریوهای SSP کاهش رواناب و در 3 ایستگاه تحت سناریوهای RCP افزایش رواناب را نشان داد. با توجه به اینکه داده‌های اقلیمی سناریوهای SSP به‌تازگی در دسترس قرار گرفته است، نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند برای ادامه تحقیق در مورد اثرات این سناریوها بر حوضه‌های مهم کشور و در نتیجه سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب در شرایط تغییر اقلیم مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulating the Effects of Climate Change on Runoff Using the CMIP5 and CMIP6 Climate Models by SWAT Hydrological Model (Case Study: Tashk-Bakhtegan Basin)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Fallah Kalaki 1
  • Vahid Shokri Kuchak 2
  • Hadi Ramezani Etedali 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Water Resources Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Student, Water Resources Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Water Resources Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Climate change directly affects the hydrological components and water resources and plays an important role in exacerbating potential hazards such as drought and flood. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of climate change on hydrological components such as runoff. In this study, the runoff in Tashk-Bakhtegan basin, as one of the most important ecological basins in the country, was investigated in terms of climate change using the SWAT model. Simulation was performed for the near future (2021-2050) by applying climate change conditions in GFDL-ESM2M and IPSL_CMA5_LR models under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios and in GFDL-ESM4 and IPSL_CMA6_LR models under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The calibration and validation results of the SWAT model using R2, NSH and RMSE indices were in the ranges of (0.70-0.99), (0.51-0.98) and (0.9-14.4 m3/s), respectively which indicated the high accuracy of calibration and validation of the model. Examination of the status of climatic variables of precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature in the conditions of climate change showed an increase in temperature (1.51-2.91 °C) for all models and scenarios and a decrease in precipitation (0.05-11.15 percent) in most models and scenarios. Simulation by SWAT hydrological model in climate change conditions showed runoff decline in all 4 stations under SSP scenarios and runoff rise in 3 stations under RCP scenarios. Given that the climate data of SSP scenarios have recently been made available, the results of this study can be useful to extend the research to the effects of these scenarios on important basins of the country and as a result of policy and planning of water resources under influence climate change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Runoff
  • RCP and SSP Scenarios
  • SWAT
  • Tashk-Bakhtegan Basin
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