نگاشت کنشگران و تحلیل روابط بین آن‌ها در مناقشه آبی بین شهر تهران و حوضه‌های آبریز سدهای تأمین کننده آب شرب آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

وجود گروداران متنوع با منافع و اهداف متفاوت، کمیابی و توزیع نامتوازن آب و افزایش تقاضای آن باعث شده است تا مناقشه به یکی از اصلی‌ترین مسائل آبی تبدیل شود. به دلیل برهم‌کنش سیستم‌های آبی با دیگر سیستم‌های انسانی، مواجهه صحیح با مناقشات آبی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. اولین مرحله در مواجهه با مناقشه، تحلیل و شناخت آن است. انتقال آب به‌عنوان یک راه‌کار اصلی برای مواجهه با مسأله کمیابی آب شرب تهران، منجر به ایجاد بالقوه مناقشات متعدد در حوضه‌های آبریز مبداء شده است. به دلیل تأثیر مستقیم مناقشات ایجاد‌ شده در تأمین آب شرب تهران، این تحقیق بر آن شد تا زمینه­ مناقشات موجود در حوضه‌های آبریز تأمین‌کننده آب شرب شهر تهران را مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار دهد. در این راستا، شناسایی و تحلیل موضوعات، دلایل و گروداران مناقشات آبی و نوع روابط میان گروداران، اهداف اصلی این تحقیق را تشکیل دادند. بر این اساس، مناقشات آبی در حوضه‌های مورد نظر با استفاده از ابزار نگاشت مناقشه براساس چارچوب Conflict and Development Analysis سازمان ملل مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج مطالعات نشان داد به طور کلی مناقشات آبی موجود در حوضه‌های مورد مطالعه در زمینه‌های تخصیص حقابه، توسعه و محیط‌زیست هستند. اصلی‌ترین دلیل ایجاد مناقشه در حوضه‌های مزبور نیز، انتقال آب به شهر تهران بدون درنظر گرفتن ابعاد انسانی و منافع و ملاحظات حوضه‌های مبدأ است. بر این اساس، کنشگران درگیر در این مناقشه به تفکیک هر یک از حوضه­‌های مبدأ مشخص شدند و رابطه مناقشه‌­آمیز یا اتحاد بین این کنشگران در قالب یک نگاشت تحلیلی به نمایش درآمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Mapping Stakeholders and Their Relationships in the Water-Related Conflicts Between the Capital City of Tehran and the Supplying Catchments of Drinking Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Vafaeifard 1
  • Ali Bagheri 2
  • Hojjat Mianabadi 3
  • Meysam Farajzade 1
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Existence of various stakeholders with different values, interests, and goals, scarcity and unbalanced water distribution, as well as increasing demands have made conflict one of the main issues of water systems. Due to the interaction of water systems with other human systems, the correct water conflicts addressing is significant. The first step in dealing with a conflict is to recognize and analyze it. Water transfer is a solution that has been adopted to deal with the problem of scarcity of drinking water in Tehran, which has led to the potential for numerous conflicts in the origin catchments. Due to the direct impact of the water conflicts on Tehran's drinking water supply, this research was conducted to analyze the potential of conflicts in Tehran's drinking water supplier catchments. In this regard, identifying and analyzing the issues, causes, and stakeholders of water conflicts and the type of relationships among stakeholders were the main objectives of this research. Water conflicts in the target basins were analyzed using the conflict mapping tool based on the Conflict and Development Analysis framework developed by the UN. The results showed that in general, the existing conflicts are in the fields of water allocation, development, and environment. The main reason for the conflicts in these basins is the adoption of alternatives such as transferring water to Tehran. As the outputs, the actors in the water conflict were recognized and the relationship among them corresponding to their alliance and/or conflict were mapped.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Conflicts
  • Conflict Mapping
  • Tehran's Drinking Water
  • Karaj Dam
  • Taleghan Dam
  • Latian Dam
  • Mamloo Dam
  • Lar Dam
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