تحلیل گفتمان حاکم بر مدیریت منابع آب در اسناد بالادستی کشور (بازه زمانی: 1367-1357)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جامعه‎شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد.

2 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، گرایش توسعه اقتصادی، دانشگاه یزد.

چکیده

قوانین، برنامه­‌ها و اسناد بالادستی همواره از مهمترین و کلان­ترین اسناد در هر کشوری محسوب می­‌شوند چرا که این اسناد مبنای برنامه‌­ریزی در حوزه‌های اجرایی در سطوح مختلف مدیریتی کشور قرار می‌­گیرند یکی از مهمترین حوزه‌­های اجرایی، مدیریت منابع آب می­‌باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل گفتمان اسناد بالادستی آب بعد از انقلاب 1357 می‌­باشد، جامعه­ آماری آن شامل برنامه­ ششم توسعه قبل از انقلاب (دوره شاهنشاهی) (1357-1361)؛ قانون توزیع عادلانه آب (1361) و قانون حفظ و تثبیت کناره و بستر رودخانه‌­های مرزی (1362) است. روش پژوهش حاضر تحلیل گفتمان به روش لاکلاو و موفه است و سعی خواهد شد به این دو سؤال پاسخ داده شود که گفتمان حاکم بر این اسناد در زمینه مدیریت منابع و مصارف آب چه بوده است؟ و چه نتایجی را برای منابع آب به بار آورده است؟ تحلیل این اسناد نشان داد که گفتمان اصلی حاکم بر این دوره گفتمان بهره­‌بردارانه است که دالّ اصلی و نقطه­ ثقل این اسناد به حساب می‌­آید، که حاکی از بهره­‌گیری تمام عیار از منابع آبی کشور با استفاده از تکنولوژی و مکانیزاسیون روش‌­های تولید است و این گفتمان با غیریت­‌سازی گفتمان حفاظت در این اسناد خود را نمایان می‌­سازد و دال‌های اصلی و شناوری مثل هژمونی گفتمان نوسازی در مقابل گفتمان توسعه، گفتمان دستوری– سفارشی در مقابل گفتمان پژوهشی و هژمونی مدیریت دولتی در مقابل مدیریت مشارکتی مؤید این گفتمان می‌­باشد که با دال‌­های هم ارزی مثل استفاده از منابع آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی، توجه به کشاورزی، اشتغال و درآمدزایی، حفر چاه­‌های عمیق و نیمه‌عمیق به منظور تأمین آب شرب، صنعت و کشاورزی افزایش ظرفیت‌ نیروگاه‌­های برق آبی کشور و سیاست خودکفایی محصولات کشاورزی مورد تأیید قرار می­‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Dominant Discourse on Water Resources Management in Macro- Level Documents (1978-1988) of the Country

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Zareshahabadi 1
  • Leili Bonyad 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student in Sociology, Economic Development Trend, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Macro-level documents, laws, programs, and documents are of utmost importance in any country since they are the basis of planning in the executive areas at different levels of management. Amongst these executive areas, water resources management is one of the most important. The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse of macro-level documents on water management after the 1978 revolution. The statistical population of the research includes the Sixth Development Plan before the revolution (1978-1988), the Law of Equitable Distribution of Water (since 1982), and the Law of Preservation and Stabilization of the Border Rivers Banks and Beds (1983). The method of the present study is the analysis of discourse by Laclau and Mouffe method and we tried to answer these two questions; What has been the dominant discourse of the macro-level documents in the field of water resources management and What are the consequences of this discource for water resources? The analysis of these documents showed that in the period under consideration the main governing discourse is the exploitative discourse which is the main signifier and center of gravity of these documents. This indicates the full use of the country's water resources using technology and mechanization in methods of production. This discourse manifests itself in the othering the discourse of protection in these documents. The discourse of modernization versus development, and governmental versus participatory management confirms this conclusion which is approved through equivalence signs such as the use of surface and groundwater resources, attention to agriculture, employment and income generation, diging deep and semi-deep wells to supply drinking water, industry and Agriculture, increase the capacity of the country's hydropower plants, and the policy of self-sufficiency in agricultural products.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macro-Level‌ Documents
  • Development Plans
  • Discourse Analysis
  • Water Resources Management
  • Exploitative Discourse
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