ارزیابی تأثیر خشکسالی‌ هواشناسی بر آبهای زیرزمینی آبخوان کوهدشت در استان لرستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

این مقاله با هدف تبیین و توصیف خشکسالی‌های هواشناسی و ژئوهیدرولوژیکی و کمی کردن کمبود بارش در مقیاس‌های زمانی مختلف و اثر آن بر روی منابع آب زیرزمینی و شناخت ارتباط بین وقوع و تأخیر زمانی خشکسالی‌های هواشناسی و ژئوهیدرولوژیکی آبخوان کوهدشت انجام شد. به‌منظور تعیین وضعیت رطوبتی سالانه منطقه، ابتدا با استفاده از آمار سال‌های 1399-1367 شاخص‌های بارندگی (SPI) و آب زیرزمینی (GRI) محاسبه گردید. پس از محاسبه شاخص‌های SPI و GRI ضرایب همبستگی بین شاخص SPI در مقیاس‌های زمانی سالانه، فصلی، سه، شش، نه، 12، 18، 24 و 48 ماهه با میانگین ارتفاع سطح آب زیرزمینی و شاخص GRI در ماه متناظر، محاسبه شد. برای تعیین طولانی‌‎ترین دوره خشکسالی از معیار مجموع بزرگی خشکسالی (DM)، استفاده گردید؛ زیرا دوره‌های طولانی‌تر اثر منفی بیشتری روی آب زیرزمینی دارند. با توجه به مقادیر SPIو GRI وضعیت رطوبتی برای هر بازه زمانی تعیین شد و روند خشک‌سالی‌ها بررسی گردید. سپس همبستگی بین شاخص SPI در مقیاس‌های زمانی مختلف با اعمال و بدون اعمال تأخیر زمانی، با میانگین تراز سطح سفره آب زیرزمینی و شاخص GRI مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، با افزایش مقیاس زمانی، ضریب همبستگی SPI، با میانگین ارتفاع سطح آب زیرزمینی و شاخص GRI افزایش می‌یابد و خشکسالی‌های هواشناسی با تأخیر زمانی 48 ماهه بر منابع آب زیرزمینی اثر می‌گذارند، که در سطح 0/01 معنی‌دار است. بطوری‌که 33/1 درصد از واریانس تراز متوسط سطح ایستابی آبخوان کوهدشت تحت تأثیر SPI_48 و 66/9 درصد، متأثر از کشاورزی شرب و صنعت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Meteorological Drought on Groundwater of Koohdasht Aquifer in Lorestan Province

نویسنده [English]

  • Reza Chamanpira
- Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this article was to explain and describe the meteorological and geohydrological droughts, to quantify the lack of rainfall at different time scales and the effect of which on groundwater resources, and to detect the relationship between the occurrence and time delay of meteorological and geohydrological droughts in Kuhdasht aquifer. Groundwater Resource Index and Standardized Precipitation Index indices were used in this research. The SPI index at monthly, quarterly, and annual time scales and the GRI index during the statistical period of 1985-2021 were used to investigate the drought condition and its impact on groundwater resources. In addition to the seasonal and annual scales, the mentioned indices were also calculated on 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48-month basis. The most extended drought period and frequency were obtained using the total Drought Magnitudes criterion. Moisture status for each period was determined with the values obtained from SPI and GRI indices, and thus the trend of drought was investigated. The correlation between different time scales of the SPI index, with average groundwater level and the GRI, was evaluated. The results showed that with increasing time scale, the correlation coefficient of SPI rises with the average groundwater level and GRI and meteorological droughts rate with time delay of 48-months affects the groundwater resources (1% level of significance). The coefficient of (R2) showed that less than 33.1% of the variance of the groundwater level was affected by SPI_48, more than 66.9% of which was due to drinking water and industrial water use.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought Magnitude (DM)
  • Time Delay
  • Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
  • Groundwater Resource Index (GRI)
  • Statistical Analysis
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