استفاده از حسابداری ردپای آب برای تعیین ترکیب کشت بهینه در توسعه پایدار (مطالعه موردی: دشت قزوین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد/ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین.

2 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد/گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین.

3 استاد/ گروه بیوتکنولوژی و مهندسی کشاورزی؛ دانشگاه A&M تگزاس، کالج استیشن، امریکا.

چکیده

کشاورزی به‌عنوان عمده‌ترین ‌مصرف‌کننده آب در دشت قزوین بیشترین حساسیت را نسبت به خود برانگیخته است. در این تحقیق از مفاهیم حسابداری آب و تجارت آب مجازی برای تعیین ترکیب کشت بهینه در دشت قزوین برای مدیریت بهتر آب کشاورزی استفاده شد. مجموع ردپای آب مجازی و ردپای منابع آبی در تولید محصولات اصلی منطقه برای دوره 2014-2003، به‌ترتیب حدود 2053 و 1411 میلیون مترمکعب در سال است. سهم صادرات از ردپای آب مجازی، ردپای منابع آبی و سودخالص منطقه به‌ترتیب حدود 8/49، 5/55 و0/55 درصد است. حذف صادرات محصولات اصلی کشاورزی باعث افزایش میانگین ردپای اقتصادی آب از 2/707 به 3/780 مترمکعب بر میلیون ریال می‌شود. حذف صادرات محصولات اصلی نه‌تنها به افزایش سودخالص به‌ازای آب مصرفی کمک نمی‌کند بلکه باعث کاهش آن نیز می‌شود. برای تعیین ترکیب کشت با تاکید بر حفظ سطح زیرکشت و درآمد کنونی بخش کشاورزی و صرفه‌جویی منابع آب منطقه، 12 سناریو تعریف گردید. نزدیکترین سناریوها به-ترکیب‌ کشت کنونی (سناریوهای 9 و 11) با حفظ درآمدکنونی به‌ترتیب باعث صرفه‌جویی 3/23 و 8/23 درصدی در مصرف منابع آب می‌شوند. این سناریوها باعث بهبود ردپای اقتصادی آب به‌ترتیب به 3/521 و 7/503 مترمکعب بر میلیون ریال می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Water Footprint Accounting for Optimizing Crop Patterns Respecting Sustainable Development (Case Study: Qazvin Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Shokoohi 1
  • H. Ramezani Etedali 1
  • S. A. Mojtabavi 2
  • V.P. Singh 3
1 Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran
3 Distinguished Professor and Caroline & William N. Lehrer Distinguished Chair in Water Engineering, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
چکیده [English]

Agriculture, as the main water consumer in Qazvin plain, has attracted the most attention to itself. In this study, water accounting and virtual water trade concepts used for determination of optimal crop pattern in Qazvin plain for better agricultural water management. The results showed that total water footprints and water resources footprints are about 2053 and 1411 MCM/year for 2003-2014, respectively. About 49.8, 55.5 and 55.0 percent of virtual water footprint, water resources footprint and net benefit were due to agricultural product export, respectively. Stopping exporting main crops of the plain increased the average economical water footprint from 707.2 to 780.3 m3/ million rials. Stopping main crops exportation not only increased the net benefit per unit of water, but also decreased it. Twelve scenarios defined to determine crop patterns while emphasing on the current cultivation area, net benefit and water resources saving. Closest
scenarios to the current crop pattern and cultivataed area, i.e. senarios 9 and 11, saved 23.3 and 23.8 percent of the region’s water resources. These two scenarios improved economical water footprint up to 521.3 and 503.7m3 per one million rials, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economical water footprint
  • Water accounting
  • Virtiual water trade
  • Food Security
  • Qazvin plain
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