بهره برداری تلفیقی از منابع آب با تأکید بر کاهش اثرات خشکسالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کاندیدای دکترای /مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان

2 دانشیار/ دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان

3 مؤسسه تغییرات محیط زیست/ دانشگاه آکسفورد، انگلستان

چکیده

در چند دهه اخیر وقوع خشکسالی های ممتد در کشور باعث روند فزاینده برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی و از طرف دیگر کاهش منابع آب سطحی به ویژه حجم ذخیره در مخازن سدها شده است. لذا بهره برداری از منابع آب نیاز به بازنگری براساس شرایط هیدرولوژیک به وقوع پیوسته و به ویژه خشکسالی دارد. از طرف دیگر برای تعریف خشکسالی و تبیین آن به‌وسیله شاخص‌ها، احتیاج به بررسی همه ‌جانبه از نظر وجود داده، کاربردی بودن شاخص و حصول اهداف در زمینه بهره برداری از منابع آب دارد. در این مقاله و در راستای استاندارد سازی شاخص کاربردی در زمینه بهره برداری تلفیقی از منابع آب، از توابع غیرپارامتریک استفاده شده تا جامعیت و کاربردی بودن آن حاصل شود. وضعیت منابع آب از طریق ادغام بیلان اقلیمی و آب دسترس هیدرولوژیکی به‌وسیله تابع غیرپارامتریک چند متغیره محاسبه شده تا شاخص یکپارچه خشکسالی (IDI1) به دست آید. در این مطالعه حوضه آبریز زاینده‌رود به دلیل بهره برداری تلفیقی از منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی و وقوع خشکسالی های اخیر در آن به عنوان مطالعه موردی انتخاب شده است. در این حوضه سد زاینده‌رود نقش کلیدی در تنظیم جریان سطحی برای مصارف مختلف زیر دست آن را دارد. این شیوه بهره برداری با قابلیت اطمینان بالای %90 در تأمین نیازها سبب تعادل آبخوان لنجانات، افزایش ذخیره دو آبخوان اصفهان-برخوار و کوهپایه-سگزیی،تأمین حقابه تالاب گاوخونی با قابلیت اطمینان %96 و افزایش متوسط 7/2 میلیون‌مترمکعب در ماه در ورودی به تالاب نسبت به گذشته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Conjunctive Use of Water Resources Based on Drought Effects Reduction

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Raghibi 1
  • H. R Safavi 2
  • M. Mortazavi-Naeini 3
1 PhD Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
3 Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, UK
چکیده [English]

In the recent decades, continuous droughts in Iran caused a growing withdrawal trend from groundwater resources and reduce in surface water resources, especially storage volume of dams. Therefore, exploit of water resources requires reviewing based on hydrologic conditions and especially, drought. On the other side, for the definition and characterization of drought by indices, a comprehensive survey of data existence, index applicability and goals in water resources operation is needed. In this article and towards an applicable standardized index in the conjunctive use of water resources, nonparametric functions used to achieve integration and applicability. The status of water resources is calculated via integration of climatic water balance and available hydrologic water by multivariate nonparametric function to obtain integrated drought index (IDI). In this study, the Zayandehrud River Basin is selected as the case study due to conjunctive use of surface and groundwater and occurrence of recent droughts in it. Zayandehrud Dam has a key role in streamflow regulation for downstream demands in the basin. With the index tool to determine the condition of the subbasins, dam and groundwater resources reoperation is followed by the purpose of the minimum drought intensity. This way of operation resulted in demands supply reliability of more than 90%, Lenjanat aquifer balance, storage increase of Isfahan-Borkhar and Kuhpaye-Segzi aquifers by 400 million cubic meters, supply of Gavkhooni wetland water right with reliability of 96% and mean increase of 2.7 million cubic meters per month in streamflow entering the wetland in comparison with the past.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • multivariate analysis
  • meteorological drought
  • Hydrological drought
  • Integrated Drought Index (IDI)
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