توسعه ی شاخص تجمیعی خشکسالی (ADI) بر پایه تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی به منظور پایش خشکسالی کشاورزی در استان گلستان - ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری /گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 دانشیار/گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

3 استاد/ دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

شاخص‌های تک متغیره برای هدف و کاربردی مشخص تا حد زیادی مفید می‌باشند، اما تصویر جامعی از ویژگی‌های خشکسالی به عنوان یک پدیده پیچیده‌ی اقلیمی ارائه نمی‌نمایند. در این پژوهش با محاسبه‌ی شاخص‌های مختلف خشکسالی به عنوان ورودی و استفاده از روش تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA)، شاخص تجمیعی خشکسالی (ADI) جهت پایش خشکسالی کشاورزی در سطح استان گلستان توسعه داده شد. بدین منظور با استفاده از داده‌های روزانه هواشناسی در 10 ایستگاه‌ تبخیرسنجی و سینوپتیک موجود در سطح استان گلستان مقادیر پنج شاخص پرکاربرد خشکسالی شامل: بارش استاندارد شده (SPI)، بارش- تبخیر و تعرق استاندارد شده (SPEI)، شاخص خشکسالی پالمر (PDSI)، شاخص Z (مشتق شده از شاخص پالمر) و شاخص رطوبت خاک (SMI) در مقیاس ماهانه طی 33 سال زراعی برآورد شدند. سپس با اعمال روش PCA، شاخص ADI از ترکیب خطی مولفه‌های حاصل از شاخص‌های ورودی برای هر یک از ایستگاه‌های مورد بررسی توسعه داده شد. بر پایه‌ی نتایج بدست آمده همبستگی قوی (بیشتر از 8/0) بین مقادیر شاخص ADI و SPEI در نواحی مرطوب و ماه‌های آذر تا اسفند در ایستگاه‌های مورد بررسی مشاهده شد در حالی که طی ماه‌های گرم سال شامل فروردین تا خرداد از مقدار ضریب همبستگی کاسته شده است. بررسی تطبیقی نتایج شاخص ADI با شاخص SPEI در ماه‌های مختلف سال به ویژه ماه‌های اردیبهشت و خرداد نشان می‌دهد که شاخص ADI به عنوان یک شاخص جامع می‌تواند اثرات شاخص‌های خشکسالی ورودی نظیر رطوبت خاک را منعکس و پایش جامع‌تری را در اختیار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of ADI as a Aggregate Drought Index based on Principle Component Analysis for Monitoring Agricultural Drought in Golestan Province- Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ghabaei Sough 1
  • Hamid Zare Abyaneh 2
  • Abolfazl Mosaedi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Dept of Water Eng, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Associate Prof, Dept of Water Eng, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Univariate indices are so useful for a certain purpose but arenot able to monitor drought characteristics comprehensively. In this study the multivariate index (ADI) has developed based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique by using the results of drought indices as inputs to monitor agricultural drought conditions in Golestan province. For this purpose the daily metrological variables from 10 synoptic and evaporative stations during 33 hydrological years were chosen to compute the values of 5 drought indices including Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Evapotranspiration–Precipitation Index (SPEI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Z-Index and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) in monthly timescale. In continue by applying PCA technique and considering all established components, the ADI drought index was developed based on linear combinations of derivation components for each of studied stations. finally the ADI results were compared to common indices such as SPEI and SPI. Based on the results a strong correlation coefficient based on Kendal –tau (greater than 0.8) were detected between ADI and SPEI indices in wet regions and months including November to March while a degree of correlation were reduced during warm months of April to June. A Comparative Study results of ADI with SPEI showed that the ADI index as a multivariate index could reflect the effects of input drought indices such as SMI and Z-Index for comprehensive drought monitoring.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil –Water Balance Models
  • PCA technique
  • Soil Moisture Index (SMI)
  • Palmer Drought Severity Index
  • Golestan province
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