شناسائی تعارضات مدیریت آب با استفاده از تحلیل نقشه های شناختی کنشگران (مورد مطالعه : کنشگران مدیریت آب دشت مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری/ آبیاری زهکشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

2 استاد/ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار/ گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

دشت مشهد به دلیل برداشت بیش از حد آب با افت شدید منابع آب زیرزمینی روبه رو است، ادامه این روند باعث اضمحلال آبخوان خواهد شد. برای برون رفت از این بحران یا بایستی از سایر حوضه ها تامین آب کرد یا با مدیریت تقاضا، مصرف آب را کاهش داد. پروژه های انتقال آب علاوه بر هزینه بری در مبدأ و مقصد با چالش و آینده ای نامطمئن روبه رو هستند. از این رو، امروزه محققین به جای مدیریت تامین بر مدیریت تقاضا و راه حل های استفاده بهینه از منابع آب موجود تاکید می نمایند. با این حال تحمیل استراتژی های مدیریت تقاضا بر منافع مصرف کنندگان تاثیر می گذارد و موجب بروز تعارضات متعدد در میان ذینفعان خواهد شد. این نوشتار بر مبنای نتایج تحقیق روی مدیریت تقاضا از طریق کاهش تعارضات میان کنشگران مدیریت آب (مدیران و مصرف کنندگان آب) در دشت مشهد شکل گرفته است. براین اساس، ابتداء کنشگران این عرصه شناسایی و سپس از طریق جلسات طوفان فکر، مدل مفهومی یا نقشه راه مدیریت آب دشت مشهد استخراج و آنگاه به سراغ نقشه های شناختی کنشگران رفته و با ترسیم آنها، نقاط تعارض در روابط میان کنشگران شناسائی گردیده است. پس از آن ریشه ها و عوامل تعارض شناسائی و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان می دهد، اولا 6 درصد از تعارضات، جدی؛ 30درصد اندک و در سایر موارد اتفاق نظر وجود دارد؛ و ثانیا برخی از سازمان های محلی درحل تعارضات مدیریت آب ، نقش مهمتری از سایرین دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of the managerial conflicts among the Actors of water resources through analyzing their cognitive maps (Case Study: stakeholders of Mashhad plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Hatami Yazd 1
  • K Davari 2
  • B Ghahraman 3
  • A Yousofi 3
1 PHD Student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mashhad Plain have faced sever qualitative and quantitative decrease in groundwater resources due to over exploitations in recent years. The plausible solutions to this crisis would be either transferring water from other basins or obtaining appropriate managerial measures for decreasing water demands. The transfer options definitely need considerable investments in the origin and destination and face uncertainties and challenges over the time. Accordingly, researchers suggest the management of water demands through the optimal use of available water resources, instead water supply projects. However, the implementation of demand management strategies could affect the interests of costumers and create conflicts among stakeholders. In this paper, the possible reduction of demands through reducing the conflicts among actors of water resources in Mashhad Plain (i.e. managers and costumers) were studied. In this regard, the actors of water resources in Mashhad Plain were firstly identified; then they devised the road map and/or conceptual model for managing water resources in brainstorming sessions. In the next step, the actors’ cognitive maps about water resources were studied and their conflict items were identified. Finally, the cause-effect relationships were analyzed. The results showed that actors had serious and small conflicts over 6 and 30% of conflict items, respectively. Actors announced that they could reach to agreement on the rest of conflict items. The results also showed that some actors might have more important role in the resolve of conflicts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Demand management
  • Conflict Management
  • Cognitive Map
  • Actors
  • Mashhad plain
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