ظرفیت سازگاری کار گروه ملی نجات دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری / مهندسی آینده پژوهی، گروه مهندسی آینده پژوهی، دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر.،‌تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار / گروه مهندسی آینده پژوهی، دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر،‌تهران، ایران.

چکیده

به گواه بسیاری از شاخص‌ها ایران به ‌شدت با بحران آب مواجه است و کشور وارد مرحله جدیدی از شرایط اقلیمی شده که دیگر نمی‌توان با تصورات و روش‌های گذشته به مواجهه با مسئله بدخیم1 آب پرداخت. حل بحران آب نیازمند پذیرش و سازگاری با شرایط جدید منابع آبی است. البته این مقاله میان کم‌آبی به عنوان یک پدیده اقلیمی و بحران آب تفاوت قائل می‌باشد و بحران را نتیجه ناکارآمدی نظام حکمرانی آب در مواجهه با کم‌آبی می‌داند. از منظر حکمرانی نهادهای رسمی و غیررسمی به تصمیمات و سیاست‌های حوزه آب شکل می‌دهند و آن‌ها را درست یا غلط به اجرا می‌گذارند. اصلاح حکمرانی آب در واقع تنظیم و ظرفیت‌سازی در این نهادها برای کارآمدی می‌باشد. این مقاله با هدف ارزیابی یکی از نهادهای حکمرانی آب کشور، به معرفی و استفاده از مدل چرخ ظرفیت سازگاری2 می‌پردازد. این مدل 6 بعد و 22 معیار دارد و ظرفیت نهادهای حکمرانی برای اعمال تغییر در رویه های قبلی و سازگاری با شرایط جدید را می‌سنجد. کار-گروه ملی نجات دریاچه ارومیه به عنوان مورد مطالعه در این مقاله ارزیابی شده و نتایج حاکی از ظرفیت پایین این نهاد برای تغییر رویه های جاری و سازگاری با شرایط جدید است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptive capacity of Urmia Lake Restoration National Committee

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Salimi 1
  • R. Maknoon 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Technology Foresight Group, Department of Management, Science and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Technology Foresight Group, Department of Management, Science and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

According to different indexes Iran is facing with the water crisis. The climate has been changed and the previous methods and approaches are no longer sufficient to deal with Iran's wicked water problem. Solving the water crisis requires adopting with new climate and water resource situations. This paper distinguishes between water scarcity as a climatic phenomenon and a water crisis. Water crisis is the crisis of water governance which is not able to deal effectively with water scarcity. From the governance point of view, there are some institutions, formal or informal, which formulate the water policies and implement them so governance reform can be done through regulating and capacity building of these institutions. This paper with the aim of evaluating the one of formal water institution in Iran would introduce the Adaptive Capacity Wheel Model. The Model has 6 dimensions and 22 criteria for evaluation of the capacity of an institute in dealing with new condition and change. Urmia Lake Restoration National Committee is the case of this study and the result of evaluation show the low capacity of this institute for adoption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Governance
  • Capacity building
  • Adaption
  • Institute
  • Adaptive Capacity Wheel
Adger W N, Arnell N W, Tompkins E L (2005) Adapting to climate change: perspectives across scales. Global Environmental Change Part A 15(2):75-76
Azizi Khalkhili T, Zamani Gh, Karami E (2016) Farmers adaption to climate change: problems and obstacles and suggested solutions. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development 30(3):148-159 (In Persian)
Babaei M, Ghaderi R, Bodragh Nejad A, Azad Fallah Z (2016) Identification and prioritizing the effective factors of Urmia Lake shrinkage with Delphi method. Journal of Physical Geography, issue 10, volume 1(35):101-114 (In Persian)
Balint P J, Stewart R E, Desai A (2011) Wicked environmental problems: managing uncertainty and conflict. Island Press
Bayat P, Sabouhi Sabouni M, Keykha A H, Ahmadpour Borazjani M, Karami E (2015) Concept of water institution and take a look at the experiences in water institutional reforms in different countries. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies, 3(11):115-138 (In Persian)
Berkhout F, Hertin J, Gann D M (2006) Learning to adapt: organisational adaptation to climate change impacts. Climatic change 78(1):135-156
Department Of Environment (DOE) (2015) Urmia Lake; Challenges, Actions, and the way forward. Tehran
Engle N L (2011) Adaptive capacity and its assessment. Global Environmental Change 21(2):647-656
Ghotbi Zadeh M, Bagheri A (2016) Adaptive capacity of formal water institution (water law) against climate change, International Conference on Climate change, Tehran. Available at: https://www.civilica. com/Paper-ICCCC01-ICCCC01_105.html (In Persian)
Ghotbi Zadeh M, Bagheri A (2017) Adaptive capacity of an informal institute against climate change in Tashtak-Bakhtegan Basin under the impression of departmen of environment of Fars provinces. 4th International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management, Department of environment Environment of university University of Tehran, Tehran, Available at : https://www.civilica.com/ Paper-ESPME04-ESPME04_332.html. (In Persian)
Grecksch K (2013) Adaptive capacity and regional water governance in north-western Germany. Water Policy, 15(5):794-815
Grecksch K (2015) Adaptive capacity and water governance in the Keiskamma River Catchment, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water SA 41(3):359-368
Grothmann T, Grecksch K, Winges M, Siebenhüner B (2013) Assessing institutional capacities to adapt to climate change: integrating psychological dimensions in the Adaptive Capacity Wheel. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13(12):3369
Gupta J, Bergsma E, Termeer C J A M, Biesbroek G R, van den Brink M, Jong P, Klostermann J E M, Meijerink S, and Nooteboom S (2015) The adaptive capacity of institutions in the spatial planning, water, agriculture and nature sectors in the Netherlands. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 1-21
Gupta J, Termeer C, Klostermann J, Meijerink S, van den Brink M, Jong P, Bergsma E (2010) The adaptive capacity wheel: a method to assess the inherent characteristics of institutions to enable the adaptive capacity of society. Environmental Science & Policy 13(6):459-471
Hassanzadeh E, Zarghami M, Hassanzadeh Y (2012) Determining the main factors in declining the Urmia Lake level by using system dynamics modeling. Water Resources Management 26(1):129-145 (In Persian)
Huitema D, Meijerink S V (2014) The politics of river basin organisations: coalitions, institutional design choices and consequences. Edward Elgar Publishing
Hurlbert M, Gupta J (2017) The adaptive capacity of institutions in Canada, Argentina, and Chile to droughts and floods. Regional environmental change 17(3):865-877
IPCC (2001) In: McCarthy J J, Canziani O F, Leary N A, Dokken D J, White K S (Eds.), Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Juhola S, Kruse S (2015) A framework for analysing regional adaptive capacity assessments: challenges for methodology and policy making. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 20(1):99-120
Khaledi F, Zarafshani K, Mirakzadeh A A, Sharafi L (2016) Factors influencing on farmers’ adaptive capacities to climate change (wheat farmers in Sarpole Zahab Township, Kermanshah province). Journal of Rural Reaserch 6(3):655-678 (In Persian)
Moghimi Benhangi  S,  Bagheri  A,  and  Abolhassani L (2017) Assessment of institutional social learning capacity with reference to learning loops in level of agricultural water users, Case study: Rafsanjan study area. Iran-Water Resources Research 13(3) (In Persian)
Mosello B, Calow R, Tucker J, Parker H, Alamirew T, Kebede S, Gudina A (2015) Building adaptive water resources management in Ethiopia. London: Overseas Development Institute
Naderi M M (2011) Good Governance; Introduction and a brief criticism. Islām va Pazhūheshhāye Modirīyatī 1(1) (In Persian)
Nielsen J O, and Reenberg A (2010) Cultural barriers to climate change adaptation: A case study from Northern Burkina Faso. Global Environmental Change 20:42–152
North D C (1990) Institutions and a transaction-cost theory of exchange. Perspectives on positive political economy 182, 191
Pahl-Wostl C (2009) A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Global Environmental Change 19(3):354–365
Saravani S (2017) Evaluation of water governance in Urmia Lake basin and its affect on water resource in adaptive management framework. M. SC. Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (In Persian)
Shahbaz H, Asadi S (2016) International office report due to clause 7 of Urmia Lake Restoration Program (In Persian)
ULRP (2014a) The causes and potential threats of Urmia lake drought (In Persian)
ULRP (2014b) A look at plans, implementation, and progress of ratified restoration programs. available at: http://ulrp.sharif.ir/sites/default/files/field/files /02%20Urmia%20Lake%20Projects%20-%20%2094.09.02.pdf (In Persian)
UNFCC (2006) Fact sheet: The need for adaptation available at: https://unfccc.int/files/press/ backgroun ders/application/pdf/press_factsh_adaptation.pdf
Vincent K (2007) Uncertainty in adaptive capacity and the importance of scale. Global Environmental Change 17:12–24
Moghimi Benhangi S, Bagheri A, Abolhassani L (2018) Assessment of formal water institution in Iran corresponding to the mechanisms governing emergence of agricultural water demand regarding the social learning framework. Iran Water Resources Research 14(1):140-159
Keen M, Brown VA, Dyball R (2005) Social learning in environmental management: towards a sustainable future. Routledge