مدل‌سازی فرآیند مکان‌یابی مناطق مستعد تغذیه مصنوعی آب‌های زیرزمینی جهت پخش سیلاب، مبتنی بر تکنیک GIS و روش AHP (مطالعه موردی: آبخوان دشت خوی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد/ مهندسی عمران - مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استادیار / گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

در تحقیق حاضر با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS‌)، مدلی جامع به‌منظور مکان‌یابی مناطق مستعد اجرای تغذیه مصنوعی آبخوان زیرزمینی به ‌روش پخش سیلاب، تهیه شده است. بدین منظور دشت خوی که در سالیان اخیر با افزایش بهره‌برداری از سفره آب زیرزمینی، بیلان آبی منفی داشته است، به‌عنوان مطالعه موردی انتخاب گردید. شانزده معیار شیب، کاربری ‌اراضی، ژﺋﻮمورفولوژی، زمین‌شناسی، فاصله از گسل‌‌، جاده‌، آبراهه‌‌، چاه‌‌‌، چشمه‌ و قنات‌، میزان بارش، دما، تبخیر و تعرق، هدایت الکتریکی، گرادیان هیدرولیکی، ضخامت بخش غیراشباع آبرفت، قابلیت انتقال آبخوان و نفوذپذیری سطحی خاک در قالب چهار خوشه فیزیکی، اقلیمی، هیدرولوژیکی و هیدروژﺋﻮلوژیکی دسته‌بندی شدند. پس از آماده‌سازی لایه‌های اطلاعاتی و تعیین وزن هر کدام از طریق نظرسنجی از کارشناسان، تلفیق لایه‌ها به روش Weighted Sum در محیط ArcGIS، انجام گردید. با حذف مناطق دارای محدودیت، پهنه مورد مطالعه در پنج کلاس طبقه‌بندی شد و تعداد شش سناریو در مناطق بسیار مناسب، پیشنهاد گردید. اولویت‌بندی سناریوها با اجرای مدل پیشنهادی منجر به معرفی سناریوی سوم به‌‌عنوان برترین گزینه شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که در پهنه‌های غیروسیع، به‌دلیل تشابه بالای خصوصیات اقلیمی و هیدرولوژیکی سایت‌های منتخب، تصمیم نهایی تأثیر اندکی از این شاخص‌ها خواهد پذیرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling Artificial Groundwater Nourishing (through Flood Spreading) Site Selection Process based on GIS Technique and AHP Method (Case Study: Khoy Plain Aquifer)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Shafiei 1
  • M. Ghanbarzadeh Lak 2
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Civil Engineering - Engineering and Water Resources Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A comprehensive model based on AHP and GIS is developed to locate areas susceptible to artificial groundwater nourishing through flood spreading. Khoy plain, which in recent years has increased its groundwater usage, selected as the case study. Sixteen criteria considered including slope, land-use, geomorphology, geology, distance from fault zones, roads, waterways, wells, springs and aqueducts, rate of rainfall, temperature, and evapotranspiration, electrical conductivity of available groundwater, and its hydraulic gradient, thickness of non-saturated alluvial section, ability of aquifer transfer, and surface permeability of soil. Above-mentioned attributes were classified into four groups, i.e. physical, climatic, hydrological and hydro-geological clusters. Gathered data were prepared in GIS environment, and based on pair wise comparisons, the preference of each cluster and its sub-criteria was determined. By combination of the layers using Weighted Sum method in ArcGIS, unacceptable zones ignored, and the remaining ones were classified into five categories. Finally six scenarios were proposed in very suitable zones. The proposed scenarios were then prioritized based on developed model and the 3rd scenario was selected. Results indicated that due to the similarity of the climatic and hydrological characteristics of selected sites in the non-wide areas, the final decision will have a small effect on these indicators.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flood spreading
  • Analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
  • Khoy Plain
  • Site Selection
  • GIS
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