ارزیابی تغییرات زمانی-مکانی شاخص‌های فصلی منحنی تداوم جریان (FDCSI) طی چهار دهه در حوزه دریاچه نمک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیابان زدایی/ گروه بیابان زدایی، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

2 دانشیار / گروه بیابان زدایی، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

3 دانشیار/ گروه احیای مناطق بیابانی و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

جریان کمینه، مؤلفه‌ای مهم بمنظور بررسی میزان آب دردسترس بویژه در مناطق خشک است که جهت مدیریت خشکسالی و کاهش آن مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تغییرات زمانی-مکانی پدیده خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی در سطح حوزه دریاچه نمک بر پایه‌ی شاخص‌های فصلی منحنی تداوم جریان (FDCSI) شامل Q70، Q80، Q90، Q95 و Q99 می‌پردازد. برای این منظور، 18 ایستگاه با حداکثر آمار بلندمدت (43 سال) انتخاب و مقادیر FDCSI براساس دو فصل تابستان (خرداد تا آبان) و زمستان (آذر تا اردیبهشت) استخراج گردید. از آزمون‌های ناپارامتری من-کندال، من-کندال اصلاح شده و برآوردگر شیب سن جهت شناسایی روند زمانی و توان هرست جهت بررسی حافظه بلندمدت استفاده شد. برپایه نتایج هرست، اغلب سری‌های زمانی دارای حافظه بوده ولی الگوهای یکپارچه‌ای تبیین نگردید. روند کاهشی شدید معنی‌دار براساس شاخص‌های فصلی تابستانه و زمستانه به ترتیب در 66-50 و 50-38 درصد از کل ایستگاه‌ها شناسایی شد. علاوه‌براین روند ضعیف افزایشی در 11-5 درصد ایستگاه‌های مطالعاتی در سطح معنی‌داری 95 و 99 درصد مشاهده گردید. ارزیابی نتایج شاخص‌های فصلی نشان داد، جریان تابستانه به علت عدم تأمین دبی پایه، خشکسالی شدیدتری طی دوره 2012-1970 متحمل شده است. الگوهای زمانی بارشی، افزایش تبخیر-تعرق، تغییر کاربری اراضی و در نهایت برداشت بیش از حد از منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی جهت اهداف کشاورزی از عوامل احتمالی روند کاهشی شدید طی فصل تابستان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatio-temporal changes evaluation of Flow Duration Curve Seasonal Indexes (FDCSI) during four decades in Namak Lake Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Sheikh 1
  • Mohammad Reza Yazdani 2
  • Alireza Moghaddam nia 3
1 PhD student of Combat Desertification, Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Low flow is an important component for investigating the available water, especially in arid regions, which is applied to manage drought and to reduce it. The spatio-temporal changes of hydrological drought phenomenon based on Flow Duration Curve Seasonal Indexes (FDCSI) including Q70, Q80, Q90, Q95 and Q99 in Namak Lake basin were investigated in the present study. For this purpose, 18 stations with the maximum long-term data (43 years) were selected and FDCSI values were extracted based on summer (June to November) and winter (December to May) seasons. Non-parametric tests including Mann-Kendal, Modified Mann-Kendal and Sen Slope Estimator were performed to determine the time trend. Furthermore, Hurst exponent was applied to investigate the long-term memory. Based on Hurst results, most of the time series have memory but uniform patterns are not recognized for them. The significant decreasing trend was identified based on summer and winter seasonal indexes at 55-66% and 38-50% of the total stations, respectively. In addition, a slight increasing trend was observed at 5-11% of study stations at a significant level of 95 and 99%. The evaluation of the results of seasonal indexes showed that summer flow had more serve drought due to lack of base flow during 1970-2012. Severe decline trend during the summer season might occur due to the time patterns of rainfall, increasing evapotranspiration, changing land use and finally, over-harvesting of surface and groundwater resources for agricultural purposes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flow Duration Curve
  • Hydrological Drought
  • Spatio-temporal Trend
  • Hurst Exponent
  • Namak Lake Basin
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