تعیین حریم کیفی چاه های آب شرب با درنظر گرفتن پتانسیل آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد / آب و سازه‌های هیدرولیکی، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار/ دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در اغلب مناطق قسمت قابل ملاحظه‌ای از آب شرب به وسیله چاه‌ها و از منابع آب زیرزمینی تامین می‌شود. منابع مورد استفاده برای تامین آب شرب همواره در معرض تهدید آلاینده‌های مختلف می‌باشند. دراین مقاله با استفاده از مدل‌های MODFLOW، WhAEM2000 و DRASTIC محدوده حریم کیفی چاه‌های شرب تعیین شده است. در این تحقیق ابتدا مدل مفهومی آبخوان دشت رودان توسط مدل MODFLOW ساخته شد. مدل پایدار برای یک سال آبی نرمال و همچنین مدل ناپایدار برای سه سال آبی ساخته شد که خطای مدل برای حالت ماندگار و غیر ماندگار به ترتیب برابر با 49/1 و 32/2 به دست آمد. در ادامه از نتایج بدست آمده در محیط WhAEM2000 استفاده شد و حریم کیفی چاه‌ها به دو روش شعاع ثابت محاسبه‌شده و روش تحلیلی محاسبه گردید. سپس با استفاده از روش DRASTIC میزان آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان در محدوده‌های حریم کیفی چاه‌های شرب شناسایی و مبنایی برای تعیین دوره بازگشت حریم کیفی در محدوده دشت رودان در استان هرمزگان گردید. نتایج نشان داد که عمده چاه‌های شرب در محدوده با آسیب‌پذیری بالا واقع شده و عمده کاربری اراضی واقع در محدوده حریم کیفی فعالیتهای کشاورزی است. برای این مناطق حریم کیفی با دوره بازگشت 10 ساله تعیین گردید زیرا اعمال حریم کوچک، خطر آلودگی آب چاه را بالا می‌برد. همچنین برای مناطق با آسیب پذیری کمتر و کاربری‌های اراضی دیگر نیز می‌توان حریم حفاظتی کوچکتری اعمال کرد؛ زیرا اعمال حریم بزرگتر در این مناطق هزینه‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی زیادی را به دنبال خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the groundwater quality protection zone by considering the vulnerability of aquifer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ghadir Zamani Moghadam 1
  • Ali Moridi 2
  • Jafar Yazdi 2
1 M.Sc. Student, Civil, Water and Environmental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University.
2 Assistant Professor, Civil, water and environmental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

In most areas, much of the drinking water supplies from groundwater resources are constantly threatened by various pollutants. In this paper, the groundwater quality protection zone is defined using MODFLOW, WhAEM2000 and DRASTIC models. In this research at the beginning, the conceptual model of Rudan plain aquifer has been made by MODFLOW model. The model is calibrated for the year of 1389-90 in the steady state with the root mean square error about 1.49 m error. Also, the model is calibrated for the period 1389-91 with the root mean square error about 2.32. Then, the groundwater quality protection zone is determined by using WhAEM2000 model in both constant radius and analytical methods. Finally, the vulnerability level of the aquifer was identified by using the DRASTIC model and considered for determining the protection zone area.
Results showed that most of the wells are located in the highly vulnerable zone with agricultural land use. So, Because of the high risk of groundwater pollution, extra travel time for groundwater (about 10 years) must be considered for determination of protection zone. Also, for less vulnerable areas and other land use areas, a smaller protection area can be applied, since the application of greater zone in these areas will lead to a lot of social and economic costs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DRASTIC
  • WhAEM2000
  • MODFLOW
  • Aquifer vulnerability
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