واکاوی معیارهای خرید و انتقال آب از رودخانه فرامرزی مرغاب بین دو کشور افغانستان و ترکمنستان به ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار/ گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی آمایش سرزمین دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

چکیده

 
در بین انواع طرح­های انتقال آب بین حوضه­ای، انتقال آب از رودخانه­های فرامرزی مشترک بین کشورها به دلیل ورود به یک فضای اقتدارگریز، دارای پیچیدگی­های بیشتری می­باشد. با توجه به زمزمه اجرای چنین طرح­هایی به عنوان یکی از گزینه­های روی میز برای کاهش آسیب­پذیری به کاهش منابع آب در کشور، اهمیت واکاوی معیارهای تصمیم­گیری برای اینگونه طرحها دوچندان می­شود. در این راستا تحقیق پیش­رو با در نظر گرفتن طرح انتقال آب از رودخانه فرامرزی مرغاب مشترک بین دو کشور افغانستان و ترکمنستان برای انتقال به ایران، با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و مطالعه اسناد و مدارک و تجربیات موجود به واکاوی طرح مزبور از ابعاد مختلف می­پردازد. لذا معیارهای حقوقی و عملیاتی خرید آب شامل آب قابل مذاکره1 و نحوه محاسبه آن، معیار تداخل معاهدات، مدت زمان خرید و فروش آب، نفر سوم2، ریسک­های محیطی، جبران خسارات خرید و فروش آب و ملاحظات اجرایی انتقال آب شامل ساخت و ساز در کشور مبدا، تعهدات زیست محیطی انتقال آب و قراردادهای اجرایی انتقال آب در طرح مزبور مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. در پایان، نقشه راه معیارهای مورد نیاز برای انجام مطالعات خرید و انتقال آب از رودخانه فرامرزی مرغاب به ایران ترسیم گشته و از سه منظر و سناریو همکاری، شامل سناریو همکاری ایران با افغانستان، سناریو همکاری ایران با ترکمنستان و سناریو همکاری ایران با هر دو کشور افغانستان و ترکمنستان بلحاظ مزایا و معایب هریک مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین ترتیب ابعاد اصلی طرح خرید و انتقال آب از خارج از کشور با واکاوی معیارهای مربوطه برای کمک به فرآیند تصمیم­گیری برای افراد ذی­مدخل روشن­تر می­شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the criterias of purchasing and transferring water from a the Murghab transboundary river between Afghanistan and Turkministan to Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Shahbazbegian
Assistant professor of geography-Spatial planning department, Humanities faculty at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Among the various types of inter-basin water transferring projects, the water transferring from transboundary rivers due to enter to an anarchist atmosphere among riparian states has more complexity. Considering the emerge of such projects, as one of the options on the table in reducing water resources vulnerability in Iran, has led to increase the importance of examining and mapping the considerations of the studies. In this regard, considering the Murghab transboundary river between Afghanistan and Turkministan as a case study to Iran, preliminary paper adopts a descriptive-analytical method and studies documents as well as available experiences to examine the project from a variety point of views. Therefore, legal and operational considerations for water purchasing including factors such as the negotiable water and how it can be calculated, the contract interference, the time of water purchasing, the third party, the environmental risk and the compensation of damages caused due to water purchasing, as well as those of operational considerations factors such as the construction in the riparian states, the environmental commitments of the water transferring and the types of water transferring executive contracts in the given project have been examined. To the end, after reviewing all directions as well as mapping the roadmap of the considerations of the project, three perspectives of cooperation among riparian states, including the cooperation of Iran with Afghanistan, the cooperation of Iran with Turkministan and cooperation of Iran with both according to the advantages and disadvantages of each have been explored.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Murghab transboundary river
  • water transferring
  • Iran
  • Afghanistan
  • Turkministan
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