بررسی کارایی مدل SWAT در تعیین مؤلفه‌های بیلان آب حوضه ( مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز مهرگرد سمیرم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری/ گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد.

2 استاد/ گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد.

3 استادیار/ گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد.

چکیده

در این پژوهش، مؤلفه‌های بیلان آبی حوزه آبخیز مهرگرد با استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی SWAT شبیه‌سازی شد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، آزمون کارایی مدل و قابلیت استفاده از آن به‌عنوان شبیه‌ساز بیلان آب در حوزه آبخیز مهرگرد می‌باشد. به همین منظور اطلاعات لازم شامل بارش، حداقل و حداکثر دما، ساعات آفتابی، رطوبت نسبی، سرعت باد روزانه و دبی ماهانه و هم‌چنین نقشه‌های مورد نیاز شامل مدل رقومی ارتفاعی (DEM)، کاربری اراضی و خاکشناسی تهیه شد. آنالیز حساسیت با استفاده از روش هر بار یک پارامتر (OAT) به‌منظور مشخص کردن پارامترهای حساس مدل انجام پذیرفت. در ادامه به‌منظور واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل از الگوریتمSUFI2 استفاده شد. فرآیند واسنجی برای بازه زمانی 2004 تا 2012 و فرآیند اعتبار سنجی برای بازه زمانی 2013 تا 2016 انجام شد. دقت شبیه‌سازی رواناب ماهانه با استفاده از شاخص‌های ضریب تعیین (R²) و نش ساتکلیف (NSE) برای فرآیند واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی به‌ترتیب 73/0، 69/0 و 71/0، 58/0 مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که به‌طور متوسط حدود 64 درصد بارش از طریق تبخیر و تعرق وارد اتمسفر می‌شود. حدود 31 درصد آن به‌صورت رواناب سطحی و جریان جانبی و بازگشتی مستقیماً به آبراهه‌ها وارد می‌شود. در نهایت از شش درصد آب وارد شده به لایه‌های خاک، نزدیک یک درصد آن به سفره‎‌های عمیق آب زیرزمینی می‌پیوندد. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش، نشان‌دهنده کارایی قابل قبول مدل SWAT در شبیه‌سازی بیلان آب حوزه آبخیز مهرگرد است. بنابراین این مدل می‌تواند برای برنامه‌ریزی دقیق‌تر منابع آب این منطقه راهگشای مناسبی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the SWAT Model Efficiency to Determine Water Balance Components (Case Study: Semirom Mehrgerd Watershed (

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Nouri 1
  • Ali Talebi 2
  • Mohammad Amin Asadi 3
1 M.Sc. Graduated in Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University.
2 Professor, Watershed Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University.
3 Assistant Professor, Watershed Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University.
چکیده [English]

In this research, water balance components in Mehrgerd watershed was simulated using the SWAT hydrological model. The main purpose of this research is the model efficiency test and its ability to use as a water balance simulator in the Mehrgerd watershed. For this purpose, the necessary data such as precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, daily wind speed, monthly discharge and as well as required maps including digital elevation model (DEM), land use and soil were provided. and entered to the SWAT model. A sensitivity analysis was done using the )OAT( method to determine the sensitive parameters. The calibration and validation of the model were done by Sufi-2 algorithm. The calibration process was conducted for the period 2004 to 2012 while the validation process was from 2013 to 2016. Monthly runoff simulation accuracy was calculated using the determination coefficient (R²) and Nash Sutcliffe (NSE) index for calibration and validation 0.73, 0.69 and 0.71, 0.58, respectively. The results showed that 64 % of precipitation enters the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Approximately, 31% of it goes to the waterway as the surface runoff and lateral flow. Finally, from 6 % of water entered into the soil layers, close to 1 % of it joins to the underground water. The results of this research show the acceptable performance of the SWAT model to simulate the water balance in Mehrgerd watershed. Therefore, this model can be used for water resources planning in this study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydrological simulation
  • Hydrological response unit
  • Surface runoff
  • Water balance
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