Breusers N.C., Nicollet G. and Shen W. (1977), “Local scour around cylindrical piers”, Journal of Hydraul Research, 15(3), pp.211-252.
Baker, C.J. (1997). “The laminar horseshoe vortex” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 95(2), pp.347-367.
Dargahi B. (1998),“The Turbulent Flow Field Around a Circular Cylinder” , Experiments in Fluids, 8, pp.1-12.
Ettema R., Kirkil G. and Muste M. (2006), “Similitude of Large-Scale Turbulance in Experiments on Local Scour at Cylinders”, Journal of Hydraulic engineering, 132(1), pp.33-40.
Fröhlich J. and Rodi W. (2004), “LES of the flow around a circular cylinder of finite height”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 25, pp.537-548.
Johnson, K.R. and Ting, F.C.K. (2003), “Measurements of Water Surface Profile and Velocity Field at a Circuler Pier”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 129(5), pp.502-513
Mellvile, B. W. (1975), “Local scour at bridge sites.” Rep No.117, Phd ,University Auckland, Department of Civill Engineering.
Rodi, W. (1997), “Comparison of LES and RANS calculations of the flow around bluff bodies”, Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics,69(71),pp. 55-75.
Roulund, A., Sumer, B. M., Fredsoe, J. and Michelsen, J. (2002). “3-D numerical modeling of flow and scour around a pile.”, Proceedings First International Conference on Scour of Foundations, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA, pp. 795-809.
Salaheldin, S. and Tarek, M. (2004),”Numerical modeling of three – dimensional flow field around circular piers”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 130 (2),pp. 91-100.
Tseng M. H., Yen C.L. and Song C. S. (2000), “Computational three – dimensional flow around square and circular piers“, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 34, pp.207-227.
Yen, C. L., Lay, J. S. and Change, W.Y. (2001), “Modeling of 3D Flow and Scouring around Circular Piers”, Proceedings of the National Scince Council, Roc (A), 25(1),pp. 17-26.
Yuhi, M., Ishida, H. and Umeda, S. (2000),“ A numerical study of three – dimensional flow fields around a vertical cylinder mounted on a bed”, Coastal Structures 99, Losada, pp. 783-792 .