Iran-Water Resources Research

Iran-Water Resources Research

Evaluation of the response of runoff to decadal changes of land cover and climatic parameters of precipitation and snow in the Zayandeh Rood basin.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Climatology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Professor of Climatology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Climatology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of land cover and land use changes within a watershed, particularly those attributed to anthropogenic activities, is pivotal for informed management and planning strategies. Such alterations exert significant influences on the physical, hydrological, and hydraulic characteristics of river systems. This study investigates the hydrological response of the Zayandehrud watershed to variations in land cover and land use over three distinct periods: 1985-1994, 1995–2004, and 2005-2018. Land use maps were derived from Landsat 5 and 7 TM and ETM+ satellite imagery, supplemented by data from the "Google Earth Engine" platform for image correction. The FLDAS model was employed to assess changes in snow accumulation from 2001 to 2018. Long-term trends in annual snowfall, snow cover, and snowmelt water equivalent were analyzed using linear regression. Comparison of land use maps across the three periods revealed a decline in vegetation, including pasture and forest, alongside an expansion of man-made and agricultural land. Over the respective periods man-made land area increased from 6.9% to 11.4%, while agricultural land expanded from 1205 to 1332 square kilometers. Furthermore, snow cover exhibited a reduction in the second and third periods compared to the first. Analysis of precipitation trends indicated no significant trends. Investigation of snow dynamics from 2001 to 2018 revealed decreasing trends in snow cover extent, number of snowy days, and water equivalent of snowmelt. However, comparative analysis suggests that human-induced alterations exert a more pronounced influence than climatic factors on the decline in Zayandehrud discharge.
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  • Receive Date 06 October 2021
  • Revise Date 01 January 2024
  • Accept Date 03 March 2024