عدالت و انصاف در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری منابع آب گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مفاهیم عدالت و انصاف در قوانین، مقررات و چارچوب­‌های تصمیم‌­گیری به عنوان اصل راهنما در راهبردهای تخصیص منابع آب مطرح می­‌شود. از طرفی گنجاندن این مفاهیم در برنامه‌­ریزی و مدیریت منابع آب با موانعی ازجمله درک مفهومی ناقص، فقدان معیارهای کمّی و کیفی، ارتباط نامشخص بین عدالت و انصاف با چارچوب‌های برنامه‌ریزی و راهبردهای مدیریت منابع آب و عدم وجود نمونه‌های عینی مواجه است. در این مطالعه، به صورت مطالعه اسنادی کیفی، معانی عدالت و به طور متمرکزتر انصاف به عنوان یکی از اصول عدالت و کاربرد آن­ها در مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی بررسی شده است. برای این منظور روش­های عملیاتی نمودن انصاف در برنامه‌­ریزی و مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی و نحوه ادغام انصاف در فرآیندهای برنامه‌ریزی این منابع معرفی شده است. نتایج نشان می­‌دهد تعریف جهان­‌شمولی برای عدالت و انصاف وجود ندارد و بسته به محتوا، نوع منبع آبی، قوانین و چارچوب‌­های تعریف­ شده در هر کشور و حوضه آبی، تعریف و رویکردهای عدالت و انصاف آبی متفاوت است. با این حال استفاده از معیارهای مرتبط با اصل انصاف، روش­های شبیه­‌سازی‌ـ ‌بهینه­‌سازی و طراحی مدل سیستمی، ممکن است برای عملیاتی­‌سازی، اندازه­‌گیری، محک‌­زنی سیاست و اقدامات آبی در تمام سطوح تصمیم­‌گیری (کشوری، استانی و محلی) برای اطمینان از مدیریت منصفانه منابع آب، مفید واقع شود. با توجه به بررسی ابعاد انصاف، برنامه‌های مشارکتی فرصتی برای ورود گروداران در مراحل مدل‌سازی و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب زیرزمینی فراهم می‌کنند. با این حال، درنظر گرفتن تسهیل­‌های ماهرانه برای ایجاد تعامل معنادار و منصفانه بین دانشمندان و جوامع ضروری است. در این مطالعه به جای ارائه راه­‌حل تجویزی برای دستیابی به عدالت و انصاف در مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی، بر نیاز به رویکردهای زمینه‌ای که شامل گام‌های عمل‌گرایانه به سمت اقدامات و نتایج عادلانه‌تر است، تأکید شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Justice and Equity in Groundwater Resources Planning and Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elmira Valipour 1
  • Hamed Ketabchi 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The concepts of equity and justice presented in the laws, regulations, and decision-making frameworks are presented as a central guiding principle in the allocation strategies of water resources.  Meanwhile, the inclusion of these concepts in the planning and management of water resources faces obstacles such as incomplete conceptual understanding, lack of quantitative and qualitative criteria, unclear relationship of justice and equity with planning frameworks and water resources management strategies, and lack of concrete examples. This study presents a qualitative documentary study that examines what justice, and with more focus equity as one of the principles of justice, means in the context of groundwater planning and management. Accordingly, the methods of operationalizing equity and integrating equity into the planning processes of groundwater resources have been addressed in this study. The results indicate that justice and equity are not universally defined. Water justice and equity differ according to the water resource content and type, laws, and frameworks defined in each country and each water basin. Meanwhile, to ensure an equitable water future the use of metrics related to the equity principles, simulation-optimization methods, and the system model design may be used as the required steps to operationalize, metricize, and benchmark equitable water policy and practices at all levels of decision making (e.g., country, state, and local). By reviewing the dimensions of equity, it is revealed that participatory programs provide stakeholders with an opportunity to make contributions in the modeling and programming stages. However, skilled facilitation is necessary in order to ensure meaningful and equitable engagement between scientists and communities. In this study rather than providing a prescriptive solution to “achieve” justice and equity within groundwater resources management, we emphasized the need for contextualized approaches that include pragmatic steps toward more equitable practices and outcomes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Equity Dimensions
  • Decision Making Framework
  • Justice
  • Groundwater Resource Planning
  • Groundwater Resources Management
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