افزایش توأمان رفاه کشاورزان و بهره‌وری توزیع آب، با احتساب قیمت تمام شده آب مطالعه موردی: شبکه آبیاری دشت قزوین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

‌افزایش بهره­‌وری آب یکی از سازوکارهای مدیریت مصرف آب است و ابزارهای اقتصادی نظیر قیمت آب می­‌تواند منجر به کاهش مصرف و افزایش بهره‌­وری شود. سد طالقان تأمین‌کننده اصلی آب مورد نیاز بخش کشاورزی دشت قزوین است که در سال­‌های اخیر به دلایل مختلف نظیر تغییر اقلیم و افزایش جمعیت مقدار آب تخصیص یافته به آن کاهش یافته است. عدم تغییر الگوی کشت و توزیع آب متناسب یا آب تخصیص یافته از یک سو و قیمت پایین آب از سوی دیگر سبب استفاده نادرست از آب در شبکه آبیاری دشت قزوین شده است. در این پژوهش در ابتدا به برآورد قیمت تمام شده آب با استفاده از روابط اقتصاد مهندسی و تأثیر آن بر درآمد کشاورزان در شبکه آبیاری دشت قزوین پرداخته شد. سپس، به بهینه‌­سازی الگوی کشت و توزیع آب در صورت عرضه آب به قیمت هزینه تمام شده آن، با درنظر گرفتن رفاه کشاورزان پرداخته شد. برای بهینه­‌سازی از الگوریتم ژنتیک و برای بررسی بهره­‌وری آب از دو شاخص CPD و NBPD بهره گرفته شد. قیمت هر متر مکعب آب بر اساس هزینه­‌های تمام شده در شبکه آبیاری دشت قزوین 8595 ریال برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد عرضه آب با قیمت 8595 ریال در شرایط فعلی، باعث کاهش رفاه کشاورزان می­‌شود. در حالی که با بهینه‌­سازی الگوی کشت و توزیع آب علاوه بر تأمین رفاه کشاورزان، مقدار تقاضای آب به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش می‌­یابد و متوسط شاخص CPD حدود 69/4 درصد نسبت به وضعیت فعلی افزایش می‌­یابد؛ بنابراین افزایش قیمت آب بدون بهینه‌­سازی الگوی کشت و توزیع آب در شبکه آبیاری دشت قزوین نمی­‌تواند راهکار مناسبی برای مدیریت منابع آب باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Relative Effectiveness of Climatic Factors on Potential Evapotranspiration Using the Factor Analysis (Case Study: Zanjan and Mahneshan Stations)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh 1
  • Seyede Marzieh Hosseini 2
1 Associate Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Ph.D., Student in Water Resources Engineering, Water Science and Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Increasing water productivity is one of the mechanisms for water consumption management and economic tools such as water price are means that can lead to a reduction in consumption and an increase in productivity. Taleghan Dam is the main supplier of water for agricultural sector of Qazvin Plain the water allocation to which has decreased in recent years due to various reasons such as climate change and population growth. Meanwhile no change in the cropping pattern and the disproportionate distribution of water to the allocated water coupled with the low price of water have caused the incorrect use of water in the Qazvin Plain irrigation network. In this research first the estimation of the water cost price was done using engineering economics relationships and its effect on the income of farmers in the Qazvin plain irrigation network was evaluated. Then the cropping and water distribution pattern in case of water supply at the cost price were optimized considering the welfare of the farmers. Genetic algorithm was used for optimization and CPD and NBPD indices were employed to check water efficiency. The price of each cubic meter of water was estimated at 8,595 rials based on the costs incurred in the Qazvin Plain irrigation network. The results showed that the supply of water at this price in the current conditions reduces the welfare of the farmers. While by optimizing the pattern of cultivation and water distribution in addition to ensuring the welfare of farmers, the amount of water demand would decrease significantly and the average CPD index would increase by 69.4% compared to the current situation. Therefore, increasing the price of water without optimizing the pattern of cultivation and water distribution in the Qazvin Plain irrigation network cannot be a suitable solution for managing water resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Pricing
  • Water Resources
  • Re-Allocation
  • Selling Prices
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