بررسی استراتژی‌های برداشت املاح و رسوبات دریاچه ارومیه با هدف ایجاد بهره‌وری اقتصادی و کمک به حفظ پایداری محیط‎ زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی ومهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معدن، دانشکده فنی ومهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

دریاچه ­ارومیه در دوره خشک‌سالی قرارگرفته و حجم بالایی از املاح و نمک‌ها در بستر آن ترسیب شده­‌اند. این رسوبات، املاح ارزشمندی جهت استحصال دارند. هدف کلی این تحقیق، تدوین استراتژی مناسب برای برداشت رسوبات موجود در بستر خشک شده دریاچه و استحصال املاح ارزشمند آن است که به­‌طور غیرمستقیم کمکی در کاهش اثرات مضر محیط‌زیستی مرتبط با رسوبات اضافی خواهد داشت. بدین­‌منظور از تحلیل SWOT برای ارزیابی عوامل داخلی و خارجی مرتبط با بهره‌برداری اقتصادی رسوبات استفاده ­شد. بنابراین، در گام اول با مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی‌های صحرایی، وضعیت کلی دریاچه از لحاظ وضعیت املاح موجود در رسوبات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در گام بعدی خبرگانی متشکل از 87 نفر، با استفاده از پرسشنامه ­باز و روش‌ تحلیلی و توصیفی مبتنی بر SWOT و روش دلفی به تدوین استراتژی‌­های مختلف پرداختند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد رسوبات دریاچه عناصر با­ارزشی همچون پتاسیم با متوسط غلظت %1/5 و منیزیم %5 برای استحصال دارد. ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی و خارجی در تحلیل­ها به ترتیب امتیاز  2/41 و 2/38 را به دست آوردند که نشان­‎‌دهنده فراوانی بالای نقاط ضعف و تهدیدها در مسیر این هدف، و برتری استراتژی تدافعی، نسبت به سایر استراتژی‌ها دارد. در حالت کلی 6 استراتژی تدافعی در شرایط فعلی امکان اجرا دارد که به معنای پرداختن به نقاط ضعف و کاهش تهدیدها برای ایجاد پایه‌ای در برداشت رسوبات و استحصال املاح ارزشمند آن است. ضعف دانش عمومی، عدم توسعه واحدهای صنعتی مرتبط، کم‌کاری رسانه‌ای در تبیین اهمیت برداشت رسوبات، بی‌­توجهی به متخصصان مهم‌ترین نقاط ضعف و تهدید در این استراتژی­‌ها هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Strategies for Extracting Minerals and Sediments from Lake Urmia to Promote Economic Efficiency and Contributing to Environmental Sustainability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farshad Nezhadshahmohammad 1
  • Farzad Aminian 2
  • Samira Pashaei 2
  • Mohammad Jalali 2
  • Azadeh Hoseini 2
  • Samin Salimi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 M.Sc., Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Lake Urmia has entered a period of drought, leading to the deposition of a substantial volume of salts and minerals. The sediments contain valuable minerals. The overarching objective of this research is to formulate an appropriate strategy for the retrieval of sediments in the dried bed of the lake and exploiting the valuable minerals which will indirectly contribute to reducing the adverse environmental effects of excess sediments. SWOT analysis was employed to evaluate internal and external factors related to economic exploitation. The general condition of the lake was assessed in terms of the status of minerals within the sediments through literature reviews and field surveys. Then, a panel of experts, consisting of 87 individuals, engaged in the development of strategies using open-ended questionnaires and analytical and descriptive methods based on SWOT and Delphi. The results of the research indicated that sediments contain valuable elements, such as potassium and magnesium at densities of 1.5 and 5%, respectively. The evaluation matrices of internal and external factors in the analyses yielded scores of 2.41 and 2.38, respectively, indicating a high frequency of weaknesses and threats. Defensive strategies outperformed other strategies, underscoring the need to address weaknesses and mitigate threats in the process of sediment and valuable minerals extraction. Six defensive strategies can be implemented in the current circumstances, ultimately laying the groundwork for sediment harvesting and the processing of valuable minerals. Key weaknesses include a lack of general knowledge, underdeveloped industrial units in the relevant sector, limited media coverage regarding the importance of sediment extraction, and insufficient involvement of experts.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Economic Efficiency
  • Sediments and Minerals in Lake Urmia
  • SWOT
  • Defensive Strategy
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