Iran-Water Resources Research

Iran-Water Resources Research

Assessing Nitrate and Phosphate Pollution in Miankaleh Wetland using WASP Model

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Maryam Mirhashemi 1
Ali Shahnazari 2
Kamran Nasir Ahmadi 3
1 M.Sc. in Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Member of the faculty of Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.
10.22034/iwrr.2023.172474
Abstract
Water quality modeling facilitates a better understanding of the processes occurring in a water body as well as the conservation programs to address them. The WASP model was used in this study to evaluate the amount of nitrate and phosphate pollution in Miankala Wetland. The wetland environment was divided into 76 sections with morphological, environmental and flow details as input to the model. The monthly concentration of nitrate and phosphate parameters during 8 sampling periods (2018-2019) from the lagoon water and 6 stations of Dahaneh-ye Chopoghli, Miyan Ghaleh, Bandar-e-Gaz, Gharehsu, Ismaeilsay and Galogah were introduced as the input to the model. Calibration and validation of the model were done using 4 primary and secondary statistical periods, respectively. The performance evaluation of the model based on the three indices of R2, RMSE and CP showed the acceptable performance of the model in simulating the studied parameters. The simulated nitrate concentration in all stations was within the permissible range (1.81-32.42). The concentration of phosphate was on the other hand higher than the allowed range (0.016-0.070) in all stations, which indicates the deterioration of water quality in the lagoon. Therefore, the correct management of wastewater discharge from different centers, quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the Wetland water, and the use of organic fertilizers in agricultural lands and aquaculture farms can control and prevent the increase of phosphate and nitrate pollution in the Wetland.
Keywords
Modeling
Pollutant
Water Ecosystem
Wastewater
Simulation
Water Quality

Subjects

Attamaleki A, Sadeghi S, Davalit M, Gholami M, Gurbanpour R, and Abuei Mehrizi A (2014) Measurement and distribution of organic matter and nutrients along Chenaran Bojnord river. Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention 3(1):67-74
Chin David A (2006) Water-quality engineering in natural systems. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Hoboken. New Jersey.601 p.
Chung E, Abdulai S, Park PJ, Kim H, Ahn YSR, Kim SJ (2016) Multi-criteria assessment of spatial robust water resource vulnerability using the TOPSIS method coupled with objective and subjective weights in the Han River basin. Sustainability 9(1):29
Dashti S, Sabzqabaei G, Jafarzadeh K, Bazm Arablashti M (2019) Evaluating the change process of Miankale coastal wetland with land use approach. Wetland Ecobiology 10(4(serial 38)):5-20 (In Persian)
Fallah M, Fakharan S (2018) Evaluation of water quality of Anzali international lagoon using quality indicators. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development 2(4):23-30 (In Persian)
Fischer HB, List EJ, Koh RCY, Imberger J, Brooks NH (1979) Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters. Academic Press, New York. 483 p.
Gasim MB, Toriman ME, Muftah S, Barggig A, Aziz NA, Muhamad, H (2015) Water quality degradation of Cempaka Lake Bangi Selangor Malaysia as an impact of excessive E. coli and nutrient concentrations. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 19(6):1391-1404
Hasanpour Nodehi M, Nawabian M, and Esmaili Varki M (2020) Performance evaluation of the WASP model for simulating the drainage quality of paddy fields in the construction unit F4 of the Gilan drainage irrigation network. Water Research in Agriculture 33(4):551-564 (In Persian)
Kannel PR, Kanel SR, Lee S, Lee YS, Gan TY (2011) A review of public domain water quality models for simulating dissolved oxygen in rivers and streams. Environmental Modeling & Assessment 16:183-204
Kiely G (1997) Environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill. New York. 979 p.
Mamani Larico A J, Zúñiga Medina SA (2019) Application of WASP model for assessment of water quality for eutrophication control for a reservoir in the Peruvian Andes. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 24(1):37-47
Moses Sheela A, Janaki L, Joseph S, Joseph J (2015) Water quality prediction capabilities of WASP model for a tropical lake system. Journal of Lakes & Reservoirs Research and Management 20(4):285-299
Novotny V (2003) Water quality: Diffuse pollution and watershed management. 2nd Edition Wiley New York. 888 p.
Singh N, Kaur M, Katnoria JK (2017) Spatial and temporal heavy metal distribution and surface water characterization of Kanjli Wetland (a Ramsar site), India using different indices. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 99(6):735-742
Soleimani Rad S, Bostani F, Honar MR (2015) Investigating the water quality of Ker River with the WASP model. The second national conference on sustainable agriculture and natural resources Mehr Arvand Institute of Higher Education- Promotion Group of Environmental Lovers and Nature Protection Association of Iran, Tehran (In Persian)
Tchobanoglous G, Schroeder ED (1985) Water Quality. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts
Wang  X L, Zhang  M, Yin J (2018) Composition and influential factors of phytoplankton function groups in Lake Chaohu. Journal of Lake Sciences 30:431–440 (In Chinese)
Wool TA (2003) US Environmental protection agency–Region 4 Atlanta GA. Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program WASP Version 6.0 Documentation and Users’ Manual
Xu L, Pan J, Jiang J, Zhao H, & Liu C (2013) A history evaluation modelling and forecastation of water quality in shallow lake. Water and Environment Journal 27(4):514-523
Yahyai M, Gergin S, Ashpotish D, Safaei M, Propheti S (2021) The effect of environmental conditions on the catch per unit of fishing effort in coastal fin nets in the Miankale area of Golestan province. Applied Fisheries Research 8(3):92-97 (In Persian)
Yannopoulos S, & Kaloyannis H (2008) Water quality modelling of the Pamvotis Lake (Greece) using the WASP mathematical model. In Proc. from the Int. Conf. of Protection and Restoration of the Environment
Zhang L, Wang MH, Hu J, Ho YS (2010) A review of published wetland research, 1991–2008: Ecological engineering and ecosystem restoration. Ecological Engineering 36(8):973-980
Zhang R, Qian X, Li H, Yuan X, Ye R (2012) Selection of optimal river water quality improvement programs using QUAL2K: A case study of Taihu Lake Basin China. Science of the Total Environment 431:278-285
Ziemińska-Stolarska A, Kempa M (2021) Modeling and monitoring of hydrodynamics and surface water quality in the Sulejów Dam Reservoir Poland. Water 13(3):296

  • Receive Date 19 February 2023
  • Revise Date 10 May 2023
  • Accept Date 11 June 2023