مدلسازی اقدامات مدیریتی در کنترل افت سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی (دشت هشتگرد، استان البرز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار/ گروه فناوری‌های محیط زیست، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد/ آلاینده های محیط زیست، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار/ گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

افزایش استحصال از آب‌های زیرزمینی در چند دهه اخیر موجب شده است، سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی استان البرز و بخصوص دشت هشتگرد دچار افت شدیدی شود. از اینرو، با توجه به اهمیت این ذخایر ارزشمند، باید راهبردهای مناسبی در جهت پایداری این منابع مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در این راستا، شبیه‌سازی عددی MODFLOW این محدوده، در دو حالت ماندگار و غیرماندگار برای دوره سه ساله (1391 تا 1393)، واسنجی و برای یک دوره یک ساله (1394)، صحت‌سنجی شد. سپس اثرات اجرای طرح احیاء و تعادل‌بخشی منابع آب زیرزمینی کشور در دشت هشتگرد ارزیابی گردید و حرکت ذرات آلاینده (نیترات و سولفات) در این طرح با استفاده از MODPATH، بررسی شد. نتایج نشان دادند، در صورتی که وضع موجود ادامه یابد، ذخیره آبخوان به طور متوسط 1 میلیون مترمکعب در سال کاهش پیدا می‌کند. همچنین از میان اقدامات مدیریتی، به ترتیب دستورالعمل انسداد چاه‌های غیرمجاز و طرحی که با یک محدودیت تدریجی در استحصال از آب زیرزمینی همراه می‌باشد، موجب بهبود ذخیره آبخوان به میزان 8/8 و 8/6 میلیون مترمکعب در سال می‌گردد. نتایج حاصل از MODPATH نیز نشان دادند که در صورت اجرای طرح‌هایی نظیر سناریو 7 و 9، حرکت ذرات نیترات (با غلظت 30 تا 70 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) در ناحیه واقع در شهر هشتگرد، محدود خواهد شد. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت، با وجود اینکه محدودیت کامل استخراج چاه‌های بهره‌برداری غیرمجاز، بهترین نتیجه ممکن را در راستای اهداف احیاء و تعادل‌بخشی آبخوان داشته است، اما ممکن است محدودیت تدریجی استخراج چاه‌های بهره‌برداری از مقبولیت و قابلیت اجرای بیشتری برخوردار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling of management measures taken to control groundwater level depletion (Hashtgerd plain- Alborz province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Shahbazi 1
  • Farshid Safari 2
  • Hamed Ketabchi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Pollutants Research, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc., Graduated of environmental pollutants, Department of Environmental Pollutants Research, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Water Resources Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Increased groundwater extraction has caused severe depletion (On average 65 cm/year) in the groundwater resources of Alborz province and especially Hashtgerd Plain in over the past few decades. Hence, considering the importance of these valuable resources, appropriate strategies should be considered for the sustainability of this resources. In order to realize these measures, the MODFLOW numerical simulation was calibrated in steady-state and transient conditions for three years (2013 to 2014) and validated for a one-year period (2015). Then, the influence of the implementation of the Iran Aquifer Restoration plan in Hashtgerd plain was evaluated and pollutant particle movement (Nitrate and Sulfate) in this scheme were investigated using MODPATH. According to the results, if the current conditions continued, the aquifer storage would decrease by an average of 1 MCM/year. Also from the management measures, the guidelines for restriction of unlicensed utilization wells and the step-by-step restriction of groundwater extraction cause improving the aquifer storage about 8.8 and 6.8 MCM/year. The results of the MODPATH also showed that if the plans such as scenarios 7 and 9 were implemented, the movement of nitrate particles (at concentrations of 30 to 70 mg/l) will be limited in the Hashtgerd city area. The study concludes, although the complete restriction of unlicensed utilization wells may work best in line with the objectives of the Aquifer Restoration Plan, the step-by-step restriction of utilization wells may be more acceptable and applicable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Management measures
  • Hashtgerd Plain
  • Numerical simulation
  • Aquifer Restoration Plan
Abdelhalim A, Sefelnasr A, and Ismail E (2019) Numerical modeling technique for groundwater management in Samalut city, Minia Governorate, Egypt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12(124):1-18
Ahmadi A, Alimohammadi S, and Mousavi-Nadoushani S-S (2017) Inverse solution of groundwater models - indirect approach. Iran-Water Resources Research 13(2):82-98 (In Persian)
Aquifer Restoration Plan )2014( Ministry of Energy. Water Assistance (In Persian)
Arumi JL (2000) Modeling the effect of agricultural management practice on groundwater quality and quantity. Thesis for Ph.D, Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering. University of Nebraska, United States America
Ataie-Ashtiani B and Ketabchi H (2014) Groundwater hydraulics and contamination. Sharif University of Technology Publication, Tehran (In Persian)
Bastani M and Harter T (2019) Source area management practices as remediation tool to address groundwater nitrate pollution in drinking supply wells. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 226:103521
Chapman D (1996) Water quality assessments- A guide to use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United State America
Chen S, Yang W, Huo G, and Huang Z (2016) Groundwater simulation for efficient water resources management in Zhangye Oasis, Northwest China. Environmental Earth Science 75(647):1-13
Climatological Research Institute of Mashhad-IPCC (2017) Detection, assessing the impacts and prospects of climate change in Iran during the 21st century .Iran Meteorological Organization, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (In Persian)
Drinking water-physical and chemical specifications (2009) 5th ed. Tehran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (In Persian)
Einlo F, Moafi Rabori A, Malekian A, Ghazavi R, and Mohseni M ( 2016) Investigating the groundwater quality of Zanjan Plain based on Drinking Standard with geostatistics Methods. Geography and Environmental Planning 27(62):1-16 (In Persian)
Eshmatami M, Aghasi A V, and Roya Rezaie A (2002) Investigation of Hashtgerd Plain groundwater changes in the past ten years and Its causes. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 4(13):61-74 (In Persian)
Ghadimi S and Ketabchi H (2019) Impact assessment of different management strategies implementation on the aquifer using numerical simulation (Case study: Namdan aquifer, Fars province, Iran). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 25(6):1-23 (In Persian)
Harbaugh AW (2005) MODFLOW-2005, the US geological survey modular ground-water model: the ground-water flow process. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey Reston, VA, United State America
Ketabchi H and Ataie-Ashtiani B (2015) Assessment of a parallel evolutionary optimization approach for efficient management of coastal aquifers. Environmental Modelling and Software 74:21-38
Ketabchi H and Saghi-Jadid M (2019) Restoration management of groundwater resources using the combined model of numerical simulation- evolutionary ant colony optimization. Iran-Water Resources Research 15(2):119-133 (In Persian)
Nikbakht J and Moradi I (2019) Effect of drought on Hashtgerd plain groundwater quantity and quality considering irrigation use. Iran-Water Resources Research 14(4):120-131 (In Persian)
Nikbakht-Shahbazi A (2011) Drought, past trends, forecasting, speech collection, Deputy of Planning and Strategic supervision of the President. Regional Planning and Development Office (In Persian)
Nouri-Esfandiari A (2015) Discussion on the restoration plan (ten effective notification topics). Iranian Water Policy Research Institute-Kerman Chamber of Commerce Industries Mines and Agriculture, Tehran (In Persian)
Parvar Z and Shayesteh K (2017) Prediction of changes and urban development using satellite image and geographic information systems (Case study: Bojnourd). Journal of Environmental Studies 43(3):513-527 (In Persian)
Pollock D-W (1994) User’s guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, Version 3: a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference groundwater flow model. Open-File Report 94-464. U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, United State America
Poor-Asghar F (2015) Quantity and quality limitations of water resources, the most important challenge facing with sustainable development in the 6th development plan. Management and Planning Organization, Tehran (In Persian)
Poor-Tabari M, Morsali M, and Noori H (2008) Site selection of artificial recharge aquifer projects using geographic information system, case study; Hashtgerd Plain. 4th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Tehran (In Persian)
Porhemmat J, Altafi-Dadgar M, and Porhemmat R (2019) Simulating the rehabilitation of an over-extracted aquifer by different management scenarios in the Ravansar-Sanjajabi catchment in Kermanshah. Iran-Water Resources Research 14(5):149-163 (In Persian)
Regional Water Company of Tehran (2011) Geology, semi-detailed studies of Hashtgerd Plain. Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy (In Persian)
Regional Water Company of Tehran (2013) Updating water resources studies report of Namak Lake basin. Iran Water Resources Management Company, Ministry of Energy (In Persian)
Safari F, Shahbazi A, and Ketabchi H (2020) Quality analysis and nitrate map of groundwater resources in Alborz province (Hashtgerd Plain). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, Accepted (In Persian)
Samani N and Kamrani S (2015) Quantitative and qualitative survey of drinking water wells to Nitrate, case study: Aspas Plain of Eqlid city, Fars province. Advanced Applied Geology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 6(20):29-40 (In Persian)
Tam V-T and Nga V-T-T (2018) Assessment of urbanization impact on groundwater resources in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management 27:107-116
Yousefi H, Mohammadi M, Noorollahi Y, and Saadatinejad S-J (2018) Water footprint evaluation of Tehran’s crops and garden crops. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 24(6):67-85 (In Persian)