امکان سنجی ساخت و ارزیابی یک سنسور رطوبت‌سنج در بافت‌های متفاوت خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار/ بخش خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران:

2 کارشناس آزمایشگاه بخش خاک و آب/ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

مدیریت به‌هنگام آبیاری با لحاظ شرایط حاکم بر منطقه، نقش بسیار مهمی در صرفه‌جویی مصرف آب و حفظ عملکرد محصولات باغی و زراعی ایفا خواهد کرد. یکی از راهکارهای مدیریت به‌هنگام آبیاری، استفاده از سنسورهای رطوبت‌سنج خاک است که تاثیر قابل توجهی بر بهبود بهره‌وری آب خواهد داشت. در این مطالعه ضمن امکان‌سنجی طراحی سنسور رطوبت سنج ایرانی، دقت سنسور طراحی‌شده و watermark در بافت‌های متفاوت خاک بررسی شد. به منظور طراحی و کالیبراسیون سنسور رطوبت‌سنج ایرانی، آزمایش‌های مربوط به طراحی و ساخت سنسور مذکور در سال‌های 1397 تا 1398 در آزمایشگاه بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد انجام شد. سنسور طراحی شده در 3 بافت خاک متفاوت لوم رسی شنی، لومی و رس سیلتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. سنسور طراحی شده و سنسور watermark در هر 3 بافت خاک، واسنجی و با ارقام رطوبت مشاهده شده به روش مستقیم وزنی مقایسه و صحت‌سنجی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که سنسور طراحی شده و سنسور watermark در بافت خاک لومی و لوم رسی شنی قادر به برآورد نسبتا دقیق رطوبت وزنی خاک هستند. در حالیکه در بافت خاک رس سیلتی سنسور طراحی شده و سنسور watermark دقت مناسبی در برآورد رطوبت خاک نداشتند. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه سنسور watermark و سنسور طراحی شده در رطوبت‌های کمتر از 50 درصد کل آب قابل دسترس قادر به تخمین نسبتا دقیق رطوبت خاک هستند. این در حالی است که سنسورهای مذکور در رطوبت‌های بیشتر از حد زراعی تخمین دقیقی از رطوبت خاک نداشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility study of the construction and evaluation of a soil moisture sensor in different soil textures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Moravejalahkami 1
  • Marzieh Baghshahi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
2 The Laboratory Expert, Soil and Water Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd
چکیده [English]

Real-time irrigation management considering field condition, has an important role on water saving and stability of agricultural and horticultural production. One of the approaches of real time irrigation management is the use of soil moisture sensors that have important effect on improving water productivity. In this study the feasibility of designing and evaluation of Iranian soil moisture accompanying watermark sensor was investigated in different soil textures. For designing and calibrating of Iranian soil moisture sensor, an experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 at Soil and Water Department of Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The designed sensor was evaluated in three different soil textures including sandy clay loam, loamy and silty clay with 4 replications. The designed and watermark sensors were calibrated in three soil textures, compared and validated with the direct method of soil moisture measurement. Results showed that the designed and watermark sensor could estimate soil moisture in loamy and sandy clay loam soil textures with proper precision. While in silty clay soil texture both designed and watermark sensors couldn't estimate the soil water content with acceptable precision. According to the results of this study, for soil water content lower than 50%AW(50% of available water), the designed and watermark sensors could accurately estimate the soil moisture. While for the soil water content upper than field capacity these sensors couldn’t acceptably estimate soil moisture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil moisture sensor
  • Agricultural water productivity
  • Smart irrigation
Alizadeh A (2004) Water, soil & plant, relationships. Emam Reza Publication, Mashhad, Iran 470 P (In Persian)
Ansari H, Hassanpour M (2015) Design and construction of REC-P55 for reading of soil moisture, temperature and salinity. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 9(1):32-43 (In Persian).
Chávez JL, Varble JL, Andales AA (2011) Performance evaluation of selected soil moisture sensors. 3rd Annual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Burlington, CO., February 22-23, Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, Kansas
Doosti M (2007) Irrigation management of the Greenhouse using new methods of measuring soil moisture. The first workshop on improvement of water use efficiency in greenhouse, 18 October, Karaj, Iran, 18 p. (In Persian)
Eldredge  E  P,  Shock  CC,  Stieber  TD (1993)  Calibration  of  granular  matrix  sensors  for  irrigation management. Agronomy Journal 85:1228-1232
El Marazky MS, Fawzi SM, Al-Ghobari H (2011) Evaluation of soil moisture sensors under intelligent irrigation systems for economical crops in arid regions. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6(2):287-300
Ganjegunte GK, Sheng Z, Clark J (2012) Evaluating the accuracy of soil water sensors for irrigation scheduling to conserve freshwater. Applied Water Science 2:119-125
Ghaemi A A, Rahmani Soghayeh J (2014) Investigation the performance of smart sensors as a new approach to determine soil moisture content. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 8(1):16-25 (In Persian)
Ghahraman B, Davary K, Astaraii A, Majidi Khalil Abad M, Tamassoki S (2009) Correction of Gypsum block readings due to salinity effects for soil moisture content measurements. Journal of Water and Soil 23(1):69-78 (In Persian)
Goodwin IT (2000) Gypsum blocks for measuring the dryness of soil. Agriculture Notes, AG0294
Heaton K (2007) Soil moisture management with water mark sensors. Utah State University Extension, Kane and Garfield County Agent, February 6-7
Irmak S, Payer JO, Vandevalle B, Rees J, Zoubek G (2014) Principles and operational characteristics of  watermark granular matrix sensor to measure soil water status and its practical applications for irrigation management in various soil texture. The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension
Irrometer (2010) Watermark soil moisture sensor- Model 200SS. Specification Document. Irrometer company, Inc. P. O. Box: 2424, Riverside, CA 92516. http://www.irrometer.com
Namdar Khojasteh D, Shorafa M, Eskandari Z, Fazeli sanghani M (2011) Effects of clay content and salinity on volumetric water content using time domain reflectometry. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Formerly Soil and Water Sciences) 25(2):103-112 (In Persian)
Nolz R, Kammerer G, Cepuder P (2012) Calibrating soil water potential sensors integrated into a wireless monitoring network. Agricultural Water Management 116:12– 20
Rahmani Soqay J, Ghaemi A (2014) Effect of salinity on performance of smart sensors in determination of soil moisture content. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management 3(2):135-146 (In Persian)
Roughani M, Emamjomeh R, Kamali K (2012) Effort for buried sensors TDR construction and its performance assessment in soil moisture measurement. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering 5(17):53-62 (In Persian)
Shahrokh-Nia M A (2016) Principles and tools of irrigation planning for farms and gardens. Research and Publication council of fars agricultural and natural resources research and education center. Technical Issue No. 25 (In Persian)
Thompson RB, Gallardo M, Aguera T, Valdez LC, Fernandez MD (2006) Evaluation of the watermark sensor for use with drip irrigated vegetable crops. Irrigation Science Journal 24:1850-202
Varble J L, Chávez J (2011) Performance evaluation and calibration of soil water content and potential sensors for agricultural soils in eastern Colorado. Agricultural Water Management 101:93-106
Wild M (2015) Soil moisture sensor sensitivity, a research on the performance of different soil moisture sensors in different soil textures. Royal Eijkelkamp Company and Hogeschool VHL, University of applied science: 57p.