مرروی بر چارچوب مفهومی چرخه تعاملاتی و فرآیند مدلسازی مورد استفاده در حوزه مدیریت آب شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مهندسی عمران/ مهندسی محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد /دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی عمران/ مهندسی محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 
سیاست‌های مدیریت آب شهری، اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و نیز مثبت و منفی گسترده‌ای بر جنبه‌های مختلف دارند و می‌توانند با اثرگذاری بر اجزای مختلف سیستم، شدت و گستره این تبعات را تحت‌تأثیر قرار دهند. همچنین اعمال این سیاست‌ها بر سیستم‌های اجتماعی که از عامل‌های انطباق‌پذیر با رفتارهای پیچیده تشکیل شده‌اند (اثرات غیرمستقیم) و در مقیاس میکرو با یکدیگر در تعامل‌اند، موجب بروز پدیده‌های نوظهور در سطح سیستم (مقیاس ماکرو) می‌شوند. علاوه بر پیچیدگی‌های ناشی از ماهیت درونی سیستم‌های اجتماعی- اکولوژیکی و چرخه تأمین- تقاضای آب شهری، رفتارهای پیچیده زیرساخت‌های شهری نیز چالش دیگری را در این حوزه پدید می‌آورد. بنابراین سیستم آب شهری، به‌عنوان یک سیستم انطباق‌پذیر پیچیده شناخته می‌شود که نیازمند ارزیابی یکپارچه و مدل‌سازی پیچیدگی‌های سیستم در ابعاد مختلف است. لذا این مقاله به مروری بر دو مفهوم اصلی پیرامون ارزیابی و مدل‌سازی سیاست‌های زیست‌محیطی از جمله سیاست‌های مدیریت آب شهری، یعنی (1) مدل‌سازی سیستم‌های انطباق‌پذیر پیچیده و (2) ارزیابی و مدل‌سازی یکپارچه و انواع رویکردهای رایج در آنها می‌پردازد. با مرور این مفاهیم و تحقیقات پیشین در حوزه مدیریت آب شهری، چرخه تعاملاتی و فرآیند مدل‌سازی در این حوزه استخراج می‌شود. این مقاله با مقدمه‌ای در رابطه با اهمیت مدیریت آب شهری به‌ویژه مدیریت تقاضا، آغاز و با مروری بر الزامات و مفاهیم اساسی در ساختار ارزیابی و مدل‌سازی سیاست‌های زیست‌محیطی ادامه می‌یابد. سپس چارچوب پیشنهادی بر مبنای تحقیقات گذشته ارائه و در نهایت مدل‌سازی عامل‌بنیان، به‌عنوان رویکردی قدرتمند در ارزیابی و مدل‌سازی مدیریت آب شهری به‌کمک دو رویکرد فوق مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of the Conceptual Framework of the Interactive Cycle and Modeling Process Used in Urban Water Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Ahmadreza Shahangian 1
  • Massoud Tabesh 2
  • Haniyeh Safarpour 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 M.Sc. Student, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water demand management policies have widespread positive and negative effects on various aspects and can affect the severity and extent of these effects by affecting various components of system. Also, the application of these policies to social systems, which are composed of adaptable factors with complex behaviors (indirect effects) and interact with each other on micro-scale, causes emerging phenomena at system-level (macro-scale). In addition to the complicates of inner nature of socio-ecological systems and urban water supply-demand cycle, the complicates of urban infrastructure behaviors also present another challenge in this area. Therefore, urban water system is known as a complex adaptive system that requires integrated evaluation and modeling of system complexities in different dimensions. So, this article reviews the two main concepts regarding evaluation and modeling of environmental policies, including urban water management policies, namely (1)modeling of complex adaptive systems and (2)integrated evaluation and modeling and the types of common approaches of them. By reviewing these concepts and previous researches in the field of urban water management, the interactive cycle and modeling process in this field is extracted. This paper begins with an introduction to the importance of urban water management, especially demand management, and continues with an overview of the basic requirements and concepts in the structure of assessment and modeling of environmental policies. The proposed framework is then presented based on past researches. At the end, agent-based modeling as a powerful tool in evaluation and modeling of urban water management has been investigated using the two approaches above.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Demand management
  • Agent-based modelling
  • Complex adaptive systems
  • Emergent behaviour
  • Integrated assessment
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