ارزیابی تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر میزان آورد رودخانه ارس (مطالعه موردی: محدوده استان اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

 
وجود تغییر اقلیم و آثاری که بر روی دما، بارش و آورد رودخانه‌ها برجای می‌گذارد، مورد تأئید بسیاری از مطالعات در سراسر جهان بوده است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی اثرات ناشی از تغییر اقلیم بر میزان آورد رودخانه ارس در مقیاس‌های مختلف زمانی انجام پذیرفته است. در این تحقیق برای تحلیل آینده و پیش‌بینی حداقل و حداکثر تغییرات آینده از سناریوهایRCP2.6 ، RCP4.5 و RCP8.5 برای دوره زمانی آینده نزدیک (2017-2036) از مدل HadGEM و مدل ریز مقیاس‌گردانی LARS-WG استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر منابع آب و بررسی مقدار آورد رودخانه ارس در دوره‏های آتی، خروجی‌های سناریوهای اقلیمی به مدل  SWATکه برای دوره پایه واسنجی و صحت­سنجی شده است، وارد شده و نتایج آن مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. برای این منظور از داده‌های ماهانه بارش ایستگاه‌ سینوپتیک پارس‌آباد در طی دوره 2005-1985 به عنوان داده‌های شاهد استفاده شد. جهت ارزیابی و مقایسه دقت داده‌های ریز‌مقیاس شده، مقایسه داده‌های دوره پایه و داده‌های تاریخی تولید شده توسط مدل با استفاده از پارامترهای خطاسنجی انجام شد که به عنوان مثال مقدار شاخص NSE برای بارش، دمای حداقل و دمای حداکثر به ترتیب 695/0، 624/0 و 054/2 به دست آمد. طبق نتایج به دست آمده هر سه سناریو افرایش بارندگی را برای ماه‌های آگوست و دسامبر و کاهش بارندگی را برای ماه‌های آپریل و نوامبر پیش‌بینی نموده‌اند، لیکن به طور کلی مجموع بارش متوسط سالانه در دوره 2017-2036 حوزه آبخیز ارس روند کاهشی خواهد داشت. همچنین هر سه سناریو افزایش دمای حداقل و دمای حداکثر را در تمامی ماه‌ها و فصول سال پیش‌بینی کرده‌اند. نتایج بررسی تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر آورد رودخانه ارس نیز حاکی از کاهش 7/30، 2/30 و 2/22 درصدی دبی ورودی به رودخانه تحت سناریوهای RCP8.5، RCP4.5 و RCP2.6 می‏باشد. به طور کلی و با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از مدل‌های استفاده شده، در منطقه مورد مطالعه دما افزایش و بارش کاهش خواهند داشت که بر آورد رودخانه ارس تأثیر منفی خواهد داشت و نیازمند مدیریت صحیح و اصولی بهره‌برداری از منابع آبی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Aras River Flow (Case Study: Ardabil Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Farid Giglou
  • Reza Ghazavi
  • Siamak Dokhani
Kashan University
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of climate change on Aras River catchment discharge at different time scales. In this study, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the near future (2017-2036) were used to analyze the future and predict the minimum and maximum future changes of Aras discharge. Climate scenario outputs were entered into SWAT model for calibration and validation period and their results were analyzed. Monthly rainfall data of Pars Abad Synoptic Station during the period of 1985-2005 were used as control period. To evaluate and compare the accuracy of finely scaled data, comparison of baseline data and historical data produced by the model was performed using the calibration parameters. According to the results, all three scenarios predicted an increase in precipitation for August and December and a decrease for April and November, but the average annual precipitation in the Aras watershed during the period 2017-2036 will decrease. All three scenarios also predict an increase in the minimum and maximum temperatures. Although according to SWAT model results, the inlet discharge of Aras River should decrease by 30.7, 30.2, and 22.2% under scenarios RCP8.5, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6 respectively. In general, and based on the results of the models used, the temperature in the study area will increase and precipitation will decrease, which will have a negative impact on the Aras River discharge and will require proper and principled management of water resources utilization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • RCP
  • Discharge
  • SWAT model
  • Water Resources
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