بررسی امکان استفاده از رواناب های سطحی در شهر مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شرکت مهندسین مشاور جوی آب، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین اثرات تغییر کاربری اراضی و تبدیل حوضه‌های طبیعی به شهری، کاهش سطوح نفوذپذیر و در نتیجه افزایش احتمال وقوع سیلاب‌های شهری و آبگرفتگی معابر در هنگام بارندگی می‌باشد. با توجه به افزایش بی‌سابقه وسعت شهر مشهد در سال‌های اخیر و به دنبال آن افزایش پتانسیل رواناب ناشی از بارندگی‌ها از یک طرف و کمبود جدی منابع آب از طرف دیگر، انجام یک مطالعه جامع در ارتباط با رواناب‌های سطحی در شهر مشهد و چگونگی مدیریت آنها ضرورت جدی پیدا کرده‌است. در این تحقیق، پس از انجام حوضه‌بندی با توجه به اطلاعات موجود ابتدا فرآیند بارش-رواناب با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS برای بخشی از زیرحوضه‌های شهری و طبیعی مشهد واسنجی و سپس حجم رواناب برای کل شهر محاسبه گردیده و در نهایت چگونگی مدیریت و امکان فنی و اقتصادی بویژه ذخیره رواناب تولید شده جهت استفاده در فضای سبز بررسی شده‌است. نتایج بدست آمده از تحقیق حاضر نشان می‌دهد که علی رغم حجم بالای رواناب تولید شده، انتظار حل مشکل صرفاً با احداث مخزن ذخیره به دلیل محدودیت‌های مکانی به جز در چند نقطه محدود چندان قابل توجیه نیست. به عبارت دیگر نسبت هزینه لازم برای ذخیره و استفاده هر متر مکعب رواناب بسیار بالا و غیر اقتصادی است. لذا رویکرد اصلی استفاده از پتانسیل دریاچه ها و مخازن موجود و استفاده از ذخیره‌ی رواناب حوضه بند گلستان در 5 کیلومتری جنوب غرب مشهد می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Possibility of Using Surface Runoff in Mashhad

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Najafi
  • Bahareh Eskandari Torbaghan
Jouyab Consulting Eng. Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Declining pervious areas is one of the most important effects of land use changes and replacing natural watersheds with urban zones. This phenomenon increases the surface runoff and the possibility of urban floods. In recent years, the unprecedented expansion of urbanized areas of Mashhad City has caused an increase in runoff potential. Since, on the other hand, there is a serious lack of water resources for the city, a comprehensive study on urban surface runoff and methods of managing the runoff has become a serious necessity in Mashhad. In this study, after sub-basin delineation, based on the available data, first the rainfall-runoff process for a number of urban and natural sun-basins was calibrated using HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model. Then, the volume of surface runoff was computed for the whole city of Mashhad. Finally, management methods of surface runoff especially in terms of runoff storage were considered both technically and economically. The results showed that despite the high volume of produced runoff, runoff management merely based on storage is not reasonable due to spatial restrictions. In other words, the cost ratio for storing and using each cubic meter of runoff is very high and economically not feasible. Consequently, the main approach in runoff storage in Mashhad needs to focus on utilizing the potential of existing lakes and reservoirs. In addition, the other important approach should be based on storing the water released from Golestan Dam located 5 km of the southwest of Mashhad.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall-Runoff Modeling
  • Urban Runoff Management
  • Runoff Storage
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