تحلیـل فراوانی منطقه‌ای ناایستای حداکثر بـــارش 24-ساعته در غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مهندسی مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و عضو قطب علمی مدیریت ریسک و بلایای طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

در طی قرن گذشته فعالیت‌های انسانی و تغییرات اقلیمی ایستایی بسیاری از متغیرهای حدی را دست‌خوش تغییر قرار داده‌‌اند. لذا استفاده از تکنیک‌های آماری تحلیل فراوانی با پیش فرض‌های ایستایی داده‌ها جهت برآورد ریسک وقوع رویدادهای حدی بیش از این ممکن است قابل اطمینان نباشد. در پژوهش حاضر ضمن معرفی تکنیک‌‌ تحلیل فراوانی منطقه‌ای مبتنی بر روش شاخص سیل ناایستا، ریسک وقوع متغیر حداکثر بارش 24-ساعته به عنوان یک متغیر مولد سیل در زیرحوضه‌های غرب کشور بررسی شده است. بررسی ناایستایی داده‌ها نشان داد که از بین 53 ایستگاه‌ مورد مطالعه فقط چهار ایستگاه‌ خرم‌آباد و پل‌دختر با یک روند افزایشی و رامهرمز و ایذه با یک روند کاهشی معنی‌دار دارای ناایستایی هستند. بر اساس نتایج، ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه از لحاظ ریسک وقوع حداکثر بارش 24-ساعته به سه زیرناحیه همگن هیدرولوژیکی تفکیک شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که منطقه همگن دوم که عمدتاً شامل ایستگاه‌ها در استان‌های فارس، بوشهر، چهارمحال و بختیاری و کهگیلویه و بویراحمد هستند از ریسک وقوع حداکثر بارش‌های 24-ساعته شدیدتری نسبت به سایر مناطق مورد مطالعه برخوردار هستند. همچنین باتوجه به روند افزایشی حداکثر بارش‌های 24-ساعته در ایستگاه‌های پل‌دختر و خرم‌آباد مشخص شد که حداکثر بارش‌های 24-ساعته برآورد شده با دوره بازگشت 100 سال در این دو ایستگاه در صورت نادیده گرفتن ناایستایی داده‌ها به ترتیب 13/8 و 10/1 درصد کمتر از مقدار مورد انتظار برآورد خواهند شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Nonstationary Regional Frequency Analysis of Maximum 24-Hour Precipitation in West of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Poria Mohit Esfahani 1
  • reza modarres 2
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Watershed Management, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Center of Excellence on Risk Management and Natural Hazards, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

During last century, anthropogenic forcing and climate change have influenced the stationarity of the many extremes. Therefore, using of stationary pre-assumption-based Frequency Analysis (FA) techniques for estimating the risk of extremes may not be reliable anymore. In present study we introduced a nonstationary FA method to estimate risk of 24-hour maximum precipitation variable, as one of the major factors for generating floods in West of Iran. Nonstationarity assessments showed that among 53 investigated stations, only 4 stations (i.e., Khorramabad and Poldokhtar stations with increasing linear trends and Izeh and Ramhormuz stations with decreasing linear trends) have significant nonstationarity. Three hydrological homogeneous regions were characterized based on statistical properties of 24-hour maximum precipitation variable at study stations. Results revealed that stations in the Region_II, mostly including the stations in Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Bushehr and Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Provinces, have higher risks for more severe 24-hour maximum precipitation compared to stations in other regions. Also, results showed that if nonstationarity in Khorramabad and Poldokhtar stations is ignored, 100-year quantiles of 24-hour maximum precipitation will underestimate around 10.1% and 13.8% in those stations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Frequency Analysis
  • Trend Test
  • Natural Hazards Risk
  • L-moments
  • Growth Curve
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