طراحی شبکه بهینه چاه های پایش کیفی آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدلهای MODFLOW و MT3D

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

یک شبکه چاه­‌های پایش مناسب می‌­تواند داده‌­های کمی و کیفی ارزشمندی برای تصمیم­‌‍گیری آگاهانه در مورد وضعیت محیط­زیست فراهم کند. انتخاب تعداد بهینه چاه­‌های پایش و توزیع مکانی آن­ها بزرگترین چالش هیدروژئولوژیست‌­ها است. از سوی دیگر، توزیع نامناسب چاه­‌های پایش یا تعداد ناکافی آن­ها به درستی وضعیت زیست­‌محیطی منطقه را نشان نمی­‌دهد. در این مطالعه شبکه پایش فعلی در منطقه موردمطالعه با توجه به نتایج شبیه‌­سازی مدل­‌های MODFLOW و MT3D ارزیابی شد و سپس در ادامه شبکه پایش با توجه به چاه­‌های موجود در منطقه با روش بهینه‌­سازی توسعه‌‎یافته در این مطالعه طراحی شد. مدل بهینه‌­سازی شامل دو تابع هدف حداکثر کردن ضریب نش- ساتکلیف و حداقل کردن هزینه­‌ها به طور همزمان است که با اعمال ضریب وزنی W به صورت یک تابع هدف تعریف شد. از الگوریتم ژنتیک برای حل مدل بهینه­‌سازی استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی‌ها نشان داد که انتخاب جواب بهینه وابستگی زیادی به مقدار ضریب وزنی W دارد. بنابراین بهترین مقدار W با توجه به برقراری یک رابطه قابل قبول بین هزینه و پراکنش مکانی چاه­‌ها در منطقه انتخاب می­‌شود. در ادامه برای انتخاب بهترین جواب از شاخص‌­های PBIAS ،RMSE و ضریب رگرسیون نیز استفاده شد که مقادیر این شاخص‌­ها در این مطالعه قابل قبول بوده است. همچنین، بزرگ‌تر بودن میانگین مقادیر TDS بهینه از میانگین مقادیر TDS مشاهده‌ای نشان می­‌دهد که شبکه بهینه، داده‌­های کیفی آب زیرزمینی مناطق آلوده­تر را فراهم می‌­کند. روش ارائه شده در این مطالعه برای سایر آلاینده­‌ها باید مورد ارزیابی و صحت­‌سنجی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Design of the Optimal Groundwater Quality Monitoring Well Network Using MODFLOW and MT3D Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somaye Janatrostami 1
  • Ali Salahi 2
  • Fatemeh Usefi 2
1 ssistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Graduate of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A properly monitoring well network can provide quantity and quality data needed to make informed decision making about the state of the environment. The selection of the optimum number of monitoring wells and their spatial distribution is a major challenge for the hydrogeologist. On the other hand, improper distribution of monitoring wells or an insufficient number of them does not properly represent the state of the environment. In this study, the current monitoring network in the study area was evaluated according to the simulation results of MODFLOW and MT3D models. Then, the monitoring network was designed based on the wells in the area with the optimization method developed in this study. The optimization model consists of two objective functions to maximize the Nash Sutcliffe coefficient and to minimize the costs simultaneously, which was defined as one target function by applying the weighting factor W. Genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization model. The results showed that the finding of the optimal value depends on the value of the weight coefficient (W). Therefore, the best value of W is selected according to an acceptable trade-off between cost and spatial distribution of wells in the area. To choose the best solution, PBIAS, RMSE, and regression coefficients were used in which their values were acceptable in this study. Also, the higher the average optimal TDS values than the average observed TDS values indicated that the optimal network could provide groundwater quality data for more polluted areas. The method presented in this study for other pollutants should be evaluated and validated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic Algorithm
  • Optimization
  • MODFLOW
  • MT3D
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