تحلیل روش‌های مجدد بکارگیری پساب خانگی برای مصارف کشاورزی/ آبیاری محصولات زراغی با استفاده از مدل تلفیقی SWOT-QSPM، مطالعه موردی: تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب شهر سبزوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرقدس،تهران،ایران

چکیده

فاضلاب‌های تولیدی در منازل را می‎‌توان به دو گروه تقسیم‌بندی کرد. فاضلاب تولیدشده از مصارف خانگی مانند استحمام و لباسشویی، روشویی و ظرفشویی را با نام آب خاکستری و فاضلاب تولیدشده از توالت‌ها را آب سیاه می‌نامند. در خیلی از سامانه‌های مورد استفاده در دنیا، آب خاکستری با آب سیاه ترکیب شده و توسط سیستم فاضلاب شهری دفع می‌گردد؛ درحالی‌که آب خاکستری به دلیل داشتن میزان آلودگی کمتر، از کیفیت بهتری برخوردار بوده و پتانسیل بیشتری برای استفاده مجدد دارد. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل تلفیقی تحلیل SWOT و ماتریس QSPM بایدها و نبایدهای استفاده از پساب حاصل از تصفیه‌خانه سبزوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشات بر روی پساب خروجی، استفاده از این پساب برای کشاورزی به دلیل تراکم کلیفرم خارج از محدوده مجاز توصیه ‌شده در استانداردهای ملی و  بین‌المللی، مستلزم گندزدایی بیشتر پساب پیش از کاربرد است. با این‌حال به‌طور کلی و با توجه به نتایج به دست‌آمده از بررسی کیفیت شیمیایی و میکروبی پساب (TDS ،Nitrate ،Nitrite ،EC و تخم انگل) و مقایسه با استانداردها نشان می‌‎دهد که در اکثر سال‌های مورد مطالعه کیفیت پساب خروجی از تصفیه‌‎خانه فاضلاب شهری سبزوار در محدوده مجاز استانداردهای مذکور بوده است و آن را می‌توان برای آبیاری گیاهان صنعتی و علوفه‌ای که به صورت مستقیم توسط انسان استفاده نمی‌شود و یا فضای سبز شهری (با رعایت الزامات بهداشتی توسط کارگران) به کاربرد. همچنین، با توجه به اینکه افکار عمومی در استفاده از پساب تا حدودی منفی است باید به دنبال فرهنگ‌سازی مثبت با برگزاری رویدادها در سطح شوراها و دهیاری‌ها و مردم روستاها بود. مزید بر این به علت بیابانی‌بودن منطقه برای احیای بیولوژیک مانند کاشت گیاهانی چون تاغ و قره‌داغ و گونه‌هایی مانند آتریپلکس می‌توان از پساب خروجی استفاده نمود. همچنین، با توجه به وجود کارخانه‌هایی همچون شن‌شویی و کارخانه سیمان در منطقه و قیمت مناسب پساب خروجی و صرفه‎‌جویی در آب، شرایط استفاده از پساب در این گونه کارخانه‌ها می‌تواند ضمن مطالعه، تحقیق و کارشناسی، مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of domestic wastewater recycling methods for agricultural and irrigation uses using combined SWOT-QSPM model, Case study: Sabzevar city Treatment Plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ahmad Nourbakhsh 1
  • Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi 2
  • Hossein Ebrahimi 2
1 PhD Student in Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ghods Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azad University, Ghods Branch
چکیده [English]

Sewage produced in homes can be divided into two groups. The sewage produced from domestic uses such as bathing and laundry and dishwashing water is called gray water and the sewage produced from toilets is called black water. In many systems used in the world, gray water is combined with black water and discharged by the municipal sewage system. However, gray water has a higher quality due to its lower pollution content and has a higher potential for reuse. In this study, using the combined model of SWOT analysis and QSPM matrix, the do's and don'ts of using the effluent from the Sabzevar city treatment plant were investigated. Based on the results of experiments on the effluent, the use of this effluent for agriculture demands further disinfections due to the Coliform density outside the permitted range which is recommended in national and international standards. However, in general and in most of the years, the quality of the effluent of Sabzevar municipal wastewater Treatment Plant is within the permissible limits and it can be used for irrigation of industrial and fodder plants which is not used directly by humans or for urban landscape according to the results obtained from the study of chemical and microbial quality of effluent (TDS, Nitrate, Nitrite, EC, parasite eggs). Considering that public opinion on the use of wastewater is somewhat negative, we should seek to create a positive culture by holding events at the level of councils, villages and rural people. In addition, due to the desert nature of the area, the effluent can be used for biological regeneration and planting plants such as Nitraria and Haloxylon, and species such as Atriplex. Also, due to the existence of factories such as washing plants and cement factories in the region and the reasonable price of effluents and water saving, the conditions of using effluents in such factories can be studied and researched.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sabzevar Wastewater Treatment Plant
  • Wastewater Reuse
  • Stabilization Lagoon
  • SWOT
  • QSPM
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