برآورد اجزای بیلان منابع آب و تحلیل تغییرات با رویکرد مدل‎سازی و سنجش ‌از دور (محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد، استان البرز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

4 دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی در برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای البرز.

چکیده

به منظور مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب، استفاده از مدل‌های هیدرولوژیکی به عنوان ابزاری مناسب در شبیه‌سازی فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی مانند بیلان آب، می‌تواند بسیار مؤثر باشد. مدل‌های هیدرولوژیکی توزیعی با گسسته‌سازی و حل معادلات در هر سلول، شبیه‌سازی هر یک از اجزای بیلان آب را انجام می‌دهند. در مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور برآورد و بررسی اجزای بیلان از مدل توزیعی WetSpass-M در محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد واقع در استان البرز استفاده شد و مدل برای 20 سال به‌صورت ماهانه اجرا گردید. به‌منظور واسنجی و صحت‌سنجی مدل ابتدا از داده‌های دبی ماهانه ایستگاه هیدرومتری به عنوان داده‌های مشاهداتی استفاده شد. رویکرد سنجش از دور و الگوریتم SEBAL نیز به منظور برآورد مجدد تبخیر و تعرق استفاده شد و نتایج حاصل از دو رویکرد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج مدل در محدوده­ مطالعاتی هشتگرد، میزان متوسط تبخیر و تعرق حقیقی و تغذیه آب زیرزمینی به ترتیب معادل 347/3 و 272/6 میلیون مترمکعب در سال برآورد شد. همچنین، مقادیر متوسط تبخیر و تعرق در دشت و ارتفاعات به ترتیب 241 و 106/3 میلیون مترمکعب محاسبه شد. حجم متوسط تغذیه سالانه در دشت معادل 197 میلیون مترمکعب شبیه‌سازی شد که این میزان برای ارتفاعات معادل 75/6 میلیون مترمکعب برآورد شده است. تحلیل تغییرات خروجی­‌های مدل بر اساس انحراف معیار برای اجزای بیلان به تفکیک دشت و ارتفاعات نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که نتایج نشان می‌دهد که پس از مؤلفه آبیاری، تبخیر و تعرق، تغذیه و بارندگی بیشترین تغییرات در طول دوره شبیه‌سازی را دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Water Balance Components and Analysis of Variations Using Modeling and Remote Sensing Approaches (Hashtgerd Study Area, Alborz Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Babaei 1
  • Davood Mahmoodzadeh 2
  • Hamed Ketabchi 3
  • Tofigh Saadi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Researcher, Research Institute of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Ph.D. in Climatology, Regional Water Company of Alborz, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In management and planning of water resources, hydrological models are suitable tool that can be very effective in simulating hydrological processes such as water balance. Distributed hydrological models simulate each of the water balance parameters by discretization and solving equations in each cell. In the present study, the WetSpass-M distributed model is used to estimate and evaluate the components of the water balance in Hashtgerd study area in Alborz province. The model was implemented in monthly basis and for a 20 year period. In order to calibrate and validate the model, first the monthly flow data of the hydrometric station were used as observational data. The remote sensing approach (SEBAL algorithm) was applied to re-estimate evapotranspiration. Then, the results of the two approaches were evaluated and compared. According to the model results in the Hashtgerd study area, the mean annual values of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge were estimated to be 347.3 and 272.6 MCM, respectively. Furthermore, the mean annual values of evapotranspiration for plains and mountains were respectively 241 and 106.3 MCM. The mean annual recharge rate in the plains was equal to 197 MCM, while it was estimated to be 75.6 MCM for mountains. The variations analysis of model outputs was performed based on the standard deviation for the water balance parameters in plains and mountains. The results showed that the most variations during the simulation period were observed respectively in the irrigation component, evapotranspiration, recharge, and rainfall.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Balance
  • Variations Analysis
  • Groundwater Recharge
  • WetSpass-M Model
  • SEBAL Algorithm
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