تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

بررسی اثرات تنش‌های ناشی از تغذیه و بهره‌برداری از آبخوان ساحلی قائمشهر-جویبار در میزان پیشروی آب شور دریا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی و فنآوری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه زمینشناسی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، ایران/
چکیده
توسعه بهره‌برداری از آبخوان‌های واقع در کمربند ساحلی یکی از دلایل مهم پیشروی آب شور دریا محسوب می‌شود. بر این اساس پایش زمانی و مکانی رفتار کیفی این آبخوان‌ها به منظور شناخت نحوه ایجاد، تعیین منشأ شوری و کنترل این پدیده از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این تحقیق، تغییرات هیدروشیمیایی منابع آب زیرزمینی ساحلی در آبخوان قائمشهر-جویبار را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. برای این منظور ترکیب روش‌های آماری و آنالیز مؤلفه‎‌های اصلی، شاخص کیفیت آب زیرزمینی نفوذ آب شور (GQI SWI) و دیاگرام تکامل رخساره‌های هیدروشیمیایی به همراه ابزار GIS جهت مقایسه، شناسایی و بررسی تغییرات زمانی و مکانی نفوذ آب شور در این آبخوان آبرفتی ساحلی بکار گرفته شد. بر مبنای نمونه‌‌های کیفی جمع‌آوری شده از سه آبخوان آزاد، معلق و شور در طی چهار دوره زمانی (2011، 2014، 2017 و 2020) و تحلیل آن‌ها با استفاده از رویکردهای ذکر شده، می‌توان دریافت که نفوذ آب شور در این آبخوان‌ها کاملاً محرز است؛ اما منشأ شوری آن‌ها با هم متفاوت است. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیب شیمیایی آب زیرزمینی آبخوان‌های موجود در این آبخوان اساساً توسط سه عامل اصلی کنترل می‌شوند: نفوذ آب شور دریای خزر و آب‌های شور فسیلی از طاق آب شور به آبخوان‌های موجود در آبخوان، فرآیند تبادلات کاتیونی معکوس، تغذیه فاضلاب‌های خانگی، فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی نیترات‌دار. این عوامل مستقل از نوع منشأشان (زمین‌زاد یا انسان‌زاد)، متأثر از فعالیت‌های انسانی و بهره‌برداری‌های غیرمجاز و بیش از حد از چاه‌های کشاورزی موجود در آبخوان تشدید شده‌‌اند. یافته‌های تحقیق بیانگر این است که راه‌اندازی شبکه آبرسانی سد البرز در سطح آبخوان و استفاده از آب‌های سطحی در آبیاری اراضی کشاورزی بجای برداشت از چاه‌ها، اثر قابل توجهی در کاهش میزان نفوذ آبهای شور از دریا و سنگ کف به سمت آبخوان‌های ساحلی داشته است. لذا با توجه به شرایط زمین‎‌شناسی و لیتولوژی در محدوده مورد مطالعه، لازم است جهت جلوگیری از تهاجم آب شور فسیلی به آبخوان‌های موجود (در نتیجه پدیده بالاآمدگی آب شور لایه‌های زیرین)، بهره‌برداری از چاه‌های منطقه بشدت محدود شود. رویکرد پیشنهادی در این مطالعه جهت مدیریت شوری سفره‌های ساحلی در معرض خطر پیشروی آب شور می‌تواند برای مدیران و محققین بسیار کارا و مؤثر واقع شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Effects of Stresses Caused by Recharge and Exploitation in Ghaemshahr-Juybar Coastal Aquifer on the Sea Saltwater Intrusion

نویسندگان English

Mahmoud Mohammad-Rezapour Tabari 1
Tahereh Azari 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Kharazmi, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده English

The development and management of aquifers in coastal belts is a significant contributor to sea saltwater intrusion. Therefore, tempo-spatial monitoring of the qualitative behavior of these aquifers is crucial for understanding the development of salinity, identifying its sources, and implementing measures to control this phenomenon. This study investigates the hydrochemical variations in coastal groundwater resources of the Ghaemshahr-Juybar plain by the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, a combination of statistical methods, principal component analysis, the saline water intrusion groundwater quality index, and hydrochemical facies evolution diagrams was utilized alongside GIS tools to compare, identify, and investigate the tempo-spatial changes of saltwater intrusion in this coastal alluvial aquifer. Based on analysis made on qualitative samples collected from three unconfined, perched, and saline aquifers during four time periods (2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020), saline water intrusion in these aquifers is certain but the sources of their salinity differ. The results indicated that the chemical composition of the groundwater in aquifers of this plain is primarily controlled by three main factors; the saltwater intrusion from the Caspian Sea and the fossil water from the bedrock, the reverse cation exchange process, and the influence of domestic sewage, agricultural activities, and the use of nitrate fertilizers. These factors, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin, have been exacerbated by human activities, including unauthorized and excessive exploitation of agricultural wells in the plain. The findings of the research indicated that the construction and operation of the water supply network from the Alborz Dam in the plain, and the use of surface water for irrigation instead of groundwater wells, significantly reduced the intrusion of saltwater from the sea and fossil water from the bedrock into the coastal aquifers. Therefore, considering the geological and lithological conditions of the studied area, it is essential to restrict water exploitation from the wells to prevent the intrusion of fossil saline water into the existing aquifers, thereby mitigating the saltwater upconing phenomenon. The proposed approach in this study for managing the salinity of coastal aquifers at risk of saltwater intrusion can be highly beneficial for both managers and researchers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Saline Water Intrusion
Coastal Aquifer
Principal Component Analysis
Groundwater Quality Index
Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram
Qaemshahr-Juybar Aquifer
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 مرداد 1403