تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

ارزیابی تعادل مکانی عرضه و تقاضای خدمات هیدرولوژیکی اکوسیستم در حوضه‌های آبخیز نیمه خشک ایران (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز کرخه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه محیطزیست و شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران.
2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری محیطزیست، گروه برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تعادل مکانی عرضه و تقاضای تولید آب در حوضه آبخیز کرخه در استان لرستان انجام شد. در ابتدا میزان آب تولیدی با نرم‎افزار InVEST3.9 تخمین زده شد. به این منظور پارامترهای تبخیر و تعرق سالانه، بارش سالانه، کاربری و پوشش اراضی، حجم آب قابل دسترس گیاه و عمق محدود کننده ریشه وارد مدل شدند. همچنین، بازه‌های زمانی 2012-2003 و 2017-2013 برای کالیبراسیون و صحت‌سنجی مدل انتخاب شدند. در ادامه، میزان تقاضای آب بر اساس نیاز آبی اراضی تحت کشت، مصرف شهروندان و صنایع محاسبه شد و از اختلاف عرضه و تقاضای آب، میزان بازدهی آب مشخص شد. در نهایت، تعادل مکانی عرضه و تقاضای آب با شاخصRWBI  ارزیابی شد. طبق نتایج، در مقابل تقاضای سالانه 746 میلیون مترمکعب آب، عرضه سالانه آب معادل 1655/7 میلیون مترمکعب آب براورد شد. زیرحوضه‌های S2، S19، S5 و S23 به ترتیب با 220/2، 155/4، 149/2 و 136/2 میلیون مترمکعب بیشترین میزان تولید و بازدهی آب را داشتند. تولید آب در مقیاس پیکسل از صفر تا 526 میلی‌متر با میانگین تولید 101/2 میلی‌متر محاسبه شد. زیرحوضه‌های S9، S2 و S1 بیشترین تولید آب در پیکسل را داشتند. طبق نتایج در زیرحوضه‌های S14، S15، و S4 کسری عرضه به تقاضای آب مشاهده شد (RWBI < 0) و زیرحوضه‌های S19، S23، S2 و S5 مازاد تولید آب داشتند (RWBI > 0). طبق نتایج، تعادل مکانی عرضه و تقاضای آب تولیدی تحت تأثیر پارامترهایی مانند کاربری اراضی، بارش و تبخیر و تعرق قرار دارد و منعکس کننده تصمیمات مدیریتی یک منطقه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Assessing the Spatial Supply-Demand Balance of Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Iran's Semi-Arid Watersheds (Case Study: Karkheh Watershed)

نویسندگان English

Zahra Asadolahi 1
Mostafa Keshtkar 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment and Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Planning, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The research aimed at the water yield supply-demand mapping and its spatial matching in the Karkheh watershed in Lorestan province. At first, the water supply was estimated using InVEST 3.9. To this end, evapotranspiration, annual precipitation, land use/land cover, plant available water content, and the root depth restricting layer were entered into the model. The periods of 2003-2012 and 2013-2017 were chosen respectively for calibration and validation. Then, the water demand was calculated based on the agriculture water demands and urban and industrial consumptions. Water efficiency was determined from the difference between water supply and demand. Finally, the spatial balance of water supply-demand was evaluated with the RWBI index in each sub-basin. According to the results, for the annual water consumption of 746 Mm3, 1655.7 Mm3 of water was produced. Sub-basins S2, S19, S5, and S23 had the highest water yield and efficiency respectively with 220.2, 155.4, 149.2, and 136.2 Mm3. Water yield in pixel scale was calculated from 0 to 526 mm and S9, S2, and S1 sub-basins had the highest per-pixel water yield. Based on the results, water supply-demand imbalance was observed in S14, S15, and S4 (RWBI < 0) while S19, S23, S2, and S5 sub-basins had the highest spatial balance of supply-demand (RWBI > 0). According to the results, the spatial differences in water supply-demand are influenced by parameters such as land use, precipitation, and evapotranspiration and reflect the management decisions taken in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

InVEST-AWY
Lorestan Province
Modeling
Water Scarcity
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