تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

بررسی و تحلیل مدیریت کشاورزان پیشرو و ظرفیت آنها در سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم و کمبود آب در کشاورزی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهش مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش، و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2 استاد گروه مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در این مقاله به بررسی نقش و ظرفیّت کشاورزان پیشرو مناطق مختلف ایران در سازگاری با خشکسالی و کمبود آب و در نهایت سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم، پرداخته شده است. با بازدید‌های میدانی در مناطق مختلف و مصاحبه با کشاورزان پیشرو و مسئولین محلّی، نتایج مختلفی در خصوص دیدگاه‌ها، شیوه‌های خودسازگاری، و نتایج و اثرات راهکارهای به کار گرفته شده برای سازگاری با کمبود آب و تغییر اقلیم در بین این کشاورزان شناسایی و تحلیل شد. برای کشاورزان پیشرو، آب بزرگترین چالش مدیریت سیستم زراعی آنها بوده و مهمترین اقدامات آنها در خودسازگاری به طور عمده در استفاده از سیستم‌های نوین آبیاری؛ افزایش مواد آلی و حاصلخیزی خاک؛ تغییر الگوی کشت؛ گذار از تولید از فضای باز به گلخانه؛ و استفاده از دستگاه‌های شیرین‌سازی آب بوده است. کشاورزان پیشرو می‌توانند به عنوان الگوئی برای افزایش بهره‌وری آب در کشاورزی در قدم اول و به عنوان شرط لازم کار مدیریت آب مورد توجه قرار گیرند. ولی به دلیل وجود نقیصه‌های زیرساختی و کلان حکمرانی آب و کشاورزی که طی آن افزایش بهره‌وری آب الزاماً به صرفه‌جوئی و کاهش مصرف واقعی آب در کشور نمی‌انجامد، عملاً این کشاورزان آب کمتری مصرف نکرده و صرفا با کمک فناوری و ابتکارات شخصی خود حداکثر استفاده از آب را برای تولید بیشتر می‌کنند و صرفه‌جویی واقعی آب عملا اتفاق نمی‌افتد. همچنین تعریف و شاخص‌گذاری لازم برای تعیین کشاورز پیشرو در کشور هنوز تکامل نیافته است و ادبیات موضوع و منابع علمی مرتبط با آن کم شمار هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of leading farmers’ management and their capacities in adaptation to climate change and water shortage in agriculture of Iran

نویسندگان English

Nader Heydari 1
Saeed Morid 2
1 Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Professor, Water Resources Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiyat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

In this paper the role and capacity of the leading farmers of different regions of Iran in adapting to drought and water shortage and finally adapting to climate change have been investigated. Following field visits in different areas and interviews with leading farmers and local officials during years 2016-2017, various results regarding the views, self-adaptation methods, and the results and effects of the measures used to adapt to water shortage and climate change among these farmers were identified and analyzed. The leading farmers can be considered as a pattern for the optimal use of production resources and increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area and overall increasing productivity, including water productivity (WP) in agriculture, in the first step and in fulfillment of initial requirement of water management. However, due to deficiencies and shortfalls in infrastructural and macro level water and agricultural governance in Iran, during which the increase in WP does not necessarily lead to water saving and reducing the actual water consumption in the country, practically these leading farmers did not use less water and only with the help of modern technology and their personal initiatives, they maximized the use of water for more increase in farm production and real water saving will not happen in practice. Moreover, the definition and indexing necessary to define and determine the leading farmer in the country has not been developed yet and the literature on the subject and related scientific sources are still few.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Assessment
adaptation"
climate change"
leading farmer"
"
water shortage"
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  • تاریخ دریافت 28 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 آذر 1403