تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تلفیق آنالیزهای شیمیایی و ایزوتوپی برای درک فرآیندهای هیدروشیمیایی و زمان ماند آب زیرزمینی در منطقه کارستی هزارمسجد، شمال‌شرق ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
2 دکتری گروه زمینشناسی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران؛ کارشناس شرکت مهندسین مشاور فناوران طرح جامع، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه زمینشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
چکیده
یکی از پیش‌شرط‌های اصلی حفاظت و مدیریت منابع آب در سیستم‌های کارستی، درک کاملی از ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فرآیندهای اثرگذار بر کیفیت آن‌هاست. این تحقیق با استفاده از یک رویکرد چند تکنیکی ترکیبی از داده‌ها و نمودارهای هیدروشیمیایی و ایزوتوپی متعدد، به همراه مطالعات آماری چندمتغیره به توصیف منشأ آب، شناسایی عوامل اصلی کنترل‌کننده شوری آب‌های زیرزمینی و فرآیندهای هیدروژئوشیمیایی در منطقه کارستی رشته‌کوه‌های هزارمسجد در شمال‌شرق ایران می‌پردازد. بدین منظور، 22 نمونه از چشمه‌ها، 2 نمونه از رودخانه‌ها و 2 نمونه از مخازن سدها برای تجزیه و تحلیل‌های هیدروشیمیایی و ایزوتوپی (δ18O، δ2H و تریتیم) جمع‌آوری شدند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری چند متغیره (خوشه‌بندی سلسله مراتبی (HCA) و تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی (PCA)) نشان می‌دهد که چهار گروه (عامل) شامل انحلال کانی‌های کربناته، انحلال کانی‌های سولفاته، انحلال نمک و اثر یون‌ مشترک را می‌توان بر کیفیت آب‌های کارستی منطقه مؤثر دانست. منبع اصلی آب‌های زیرزمینی کارست، آب‌های جوی بوده و همچنین توسط آب‌های سطحی و آب‌های زیرزمینی کم‌عمق تغذیه می‌شود. بر اساس نتایج آنالیز ایزوتوپی، زمان ماند آب در سیستم کارست زیاد نبوده و آب‌ها از نوع تجدیدشونده هستند. برهمکنش آب و سنگ نقش اصلی را در تکامل هیدروژئوشیمیایی آب‌های زیرزمینی کارست داشته و از نقش تبادل کاتیونی، تبخیر و فعالیت‌های انسانی می‌توان صرف‌نظر نمود. دو نوع آب با تیپ غالب Ca2+-Mg2+- HCO3 و Ca2+-Mg2+-SO42 برای سیستم آب زیرزمینی کارست هزار مسجد مشخص شد. چشمه‌های نیمه جنوب‌شرقی منطقه مورد مطالعه در محدوده انحلال دولومیت با اندیس اشباع بزرگ‌تر از صفر و چشمه‌های نیمه شمال‌شرقی در محدوده انحلال کلسیت با اندیس اشباع کوچک‌تر از صفر قرار دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Combining Chemical and Isotopic Analyses to Understand Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Processes and Residence Time in Hezarmasjed Area, Northeast of Iran

نویسندگان English

Amir Saberinasr 1
Majid Dashti Barmaki 2
Massoud Morsali 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Ph.D., Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran; Expert of Fannavaran Tarh Jame Consulting Engineers, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده English

Understanding the chemical characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes controlling karst groundwater quality represents a fundamental precondition for the protection and management of groundwater resources in karst systems. This research, combining hydrochemical and isotopic data, various geochemical plots, as well as multivariate statistical techniques, focuses on the application of a multi-technique approach to characterize the origin of groundwater and assess the main factors controlling groundwater salinization and hydrogeochemical processes in Hezarmasjed karst groundwater system in northeast of Iran. To this end, a total of 22 samples from springs, along with 2 samples from rivers and 2 samples from the dam reservoirs, were collected for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis (δ18O, δ2H, and tritium). The results of multivariate statistical analyses, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), showed that four distinct clusters (factors) which include dissolution of carbonate minerals, dissolution of sulfate minerals, salt dissolution, and common ion effect, can be generated based on the quality of karst waters in the area. The main source of karst groundwater was meteoric water (modern precipitations). As well as the recharge by surface water and shallow groundwater sources. Based on isotopic analysis results, the residence time of water in the karst system is relatively short, and the groundwater is renewable. Water-rock interactions have the predominant impact on the hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater and the role of cation exchange, evaporation, and anthropogenic activities can be ignored. Two groundwater types, Ca2+ - Mg2+ - HCO3- and Ca2+ - Mg2+ - SO42-, were the dominant chemical types for the Hezarmasjed karst groundwater system. The springs in the southeastern part of the surveyed area exhibited a dolomite dissolution domain with a above zero saturation index, whereas the springs in the northeastern part showcased a calcite dissolution domain with a negative sturation index.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Water-Rock interaction
Renewable Water
Isotopic Analysis
Groundwater Residence Time
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  • تاریخ دریافت 22 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 آبان 1403