تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

بررسی ماهیت موضوع و ارکان معاملات آب در بازار آب رسمی با محوریت بازار آب زیرزمینی در بخش کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
2 استادیار حقوق، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
3 دانشیار علوم و مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
چکیده
به علت نابسامانی در مدیریت و مصرف منابع آب، این منابع امکان تأمین پایدار نیاز مصرف‌کنندگان را ندارد. کمبود آب مسئله‌ای است که زیان‌های جبران‌ناپذیر ناشی از آن، متخصصان حوزه آب را در تکاپوی حل مشکلات آبی قرار داده است. بازار مبادله آب مسیری بوده است که در این راستا مورد اجرا و آزمون قرار گرفته ‌است. با شکل‌گیری این بازارها، ابهاماتی در مورد چگونگی امکان ورود به بازار و جدایی مالکیت آب از زمین و نحوه انجام معاملات ایجاد شده ‌است؛ معاملاتی که ماهیت عقود، طرفین و موضوع معامله به طور دقیق مشخص نیست. با توجه به اهمیت تشکیل بازارهای آب در مدیریت تقاضا و ارتقای بهره‌وری آب، شناخت ابعاد حقوقی این معاملات حیاتی است. بررسی ارکان معاملات آب با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی نشان می‌دهد که ماهیت این معاملات به عقود معین تملیکی و معوض قانون مدنی مانند بیع نزدیک‌تر است و طرفین معاملات، بهره‌بردارانی هستند که با تعبیر مالکیت مقدار آب صرفه‌جویی شده پس از اخذ پروانه و در چارچوب قانون، سهمی از آب و نه پروانه ‌(حقابه) خود را وارد بازار و در برابر اخذ عوضی منتقل می‌کنند. بنابراین علی‌رغم مالکیت عمومی آب، در‌صورت تعریف سازوکار‌های حقوقی شفاف، امکان رسمی شدن معاملات آب وجود دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Nature and Elements of Water Transactions in the Formal Water Market Focused on Groundwater Market in Agricultural Sector

نویسندگان English

Hoda Jafari 1
Habib Ramezani 2
Bijan Nazari 3
1 Master in Private Law, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor in Law, Law Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3 Associate Professor in Water Engineering, Water Engineering Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده English

Due to the disorder in the management and consumption of water resources, these resources cannot sustainably meet the needs of consumers. Lack of water is a problem that caused irreparable losses and has challenged water experts to solve water problems. The water market is a mean which has been implemented and tested in this same regard. With the formation of these markets, ambiguities have been raised about how to enter the market, separation of water ownership from land, and how to conduct transactions in which the nature of the contracts, the parties and the subject of the transaction are not precisely known. Considering the importance of forming water markets in managing demand and improving water efficiency, it is vital to know the legal aspects of these transactions. Examining the elements of water transactions using library and field research and descriptive-analytical method shows that the nature of these transactions is closer to the acquisition and commutative definite contracts of the civil law, such as sale. Also, the parties to the transactions are the users who, with the interpretation of water ownership after obtaining license and within the framework of the law, enter the market and transfer a share of water and not their licenses (right) against receiving a consideration. Therefore, despite the public ownership of water, if transparent legal mechanisms are defined, it is possible to formalize water transactions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Water
Water Right
Water Market Transactions
Formal Water Market
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  • تاریخ دریافت 02 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 27 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 دی 1403