تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

حکمرانی تطبیقی و پایداری رفتاری در مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی با تأکید بر یادگیری نهادی و مشارکت کشاورزان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری سازه‌های آبی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه تبریز،تبریز، ایران
2 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، البرز، ایران
چکیده
چالش‌های روزافزون در مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی در ایران، بیانگر ناکارآمدی رویکردهای بخشی در سیاست‌گذاری آب است. این وضعیت ضرورت گذار به حکمرانی تطبیقی که تعامل بین نهادها، سیاست‌ها و رفتار بهره‌برداران را در یک نظام چندسطحی در نظر می‌گیرد، برجسته می‌کند. در همین راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی سازوکارهای نهادی مؤثر بر پایداری رفتاری و افزایش بهره‌وری آب در نظام‌های بهره‌برداری کشاورزی در دشت میاندوآب به‌عنوان یکی از زیرحوضه‌های بحرانی دریاچه ارومیه انجام شد. برای این منظور، چارچوبی تحلیلی مبتنی بر عامل طراحی شد تا پویایی تصمیم‌گیری کشاورزان را در مواجهه با سناریوهای متفاوت سیاستی شامل آموزش، نظارت، یارانه مشروط و تأمین پایدار آب شبیه‌سازی کند. در ادامه، تحلیل درخت خطا جهت ردیابی گلوگاه‌های نهادی و شناسایی مسیرهای شکست در حکمرانی مشارکتی به‌کار گرفته شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسش‌نامه‌های میدانی، مصاحبه‌های کارشناسی و داده‌های ثانویه منطقه‌ای گردآوری شدند. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان داد که پایداری نهادی و افزایش سطح مشارکت کشاورزان زمانی حاصل می‌شود که سیاست‌های نرم و سخت در چارچوبی مکمل و یکپارچه طراحی و اجرا شوند. آموزش و نظارت، نقش اصلی را در تقویت یادگیری نهادی و بازتولید اعتماد ایفا کرده و در تعامل با یارانه مشروط و تأمین آب پایدار، منجر به ارتقای بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب شده‌اند. در مقابل، سیاست‌های تک‌بعدی و فاقد سازوکار نظارتی موجب افت اعتماد، افزایش رفتارهای فرصت‌طلبانه و تضعیف سرمایه اجتماعی شدند. شاخص تأمین آب پایدار به‌عنوان یک متغیر کلیدی، بیانگر پیوند بین کیفیت حکمرانی، عدالت در تخصیص منابع و میزان مشارکت است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Adaptive Governance and Behavioral Sustainability in Agricultural Water Management: Emphasizing Institutional Learning and Farmers’ Participation

نویسندگان English

Somayeh Emami 1
Hossein Dehghanisanij 2
1 Ph.D. in Hydraulic Structures, Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Organization, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
چکیده English

The growing challenges in managing agricultural water resources in Iran reflect the inefficiency of sectoral approaches to water policymaking. This situation underscores the necessity of transitioning toward adaptive water governance, which considers the interactions among institutions, policies, and farmers’ behaviors within a multi-level governance framework. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the institutional mechanisms influencing behavioral sustainability and improving water productivity in agricultural exploitation systems within the Miandoab Plain, one of the critical sub-basins of Lake Urmia. To achieve this objective, an agent-based analytical framework was developed to simulate farmers’ decision-making dynamics under different policy scenarios, including education, monitoring, conditional subsidies, and sustainable water supply. Subsequently, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was employed to trace institutional bottlenecks and identify potential failure pathways in participatory water governance. Data were collected through field questionnaires, expert interviews, and regional secondary sources. The simulation results revealed that institutional sustainability and increased farmer participation are achieved when soft and hard policy instruments are designed and implemented in a complementary and integrated manner. Education and monitoring play a pivotal role in strengthening institutional learning and rebuilding trust, and in interaction with conditional subsidies and sustainable water provision, they lead to higher physical water productivity. In contrast, one-dimensional policies lacking effective monitoring mechanisms resulted in reduced trust, increased opportunistic behavior, and weakened social capital. The Sustainable Water Supply Index, as a key variable, reflects the linkage between governance quality, equity in resource allocation, and the level of stakeholder participation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Participatory governance
Water productivity
Hybrid policies
Stakeholder participation
Lake Urmia
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دوره 21، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 75
,ویژه نامه اصلاح ساختار حکمرانی آب کشور
پاییز 1404
صفحه 152-168

  • تاریخ دریافت 20 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 مهر 1404