تخصیص بهینه بار یک/چند آلاینده در رودخانه قشلاق؛ رویکرد شبیه‎سازی- بهینه‎سازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‎آموخته کارشناسی ارشد /مهندسی عمران- محیط‎زیست، دانشکده محیط‎زیست، کرج، البرز، ایران.

2 استادیار/ عضو هیات علمی گروه آب و محیط‎زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار/ عضو هیات علمی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، البرز، ایران

چکیده

در این کار تحقیقاتی مساله تخصیص بهینه بار یک و/یا چند آلاینده در امتداد رودخانه قشلاق با استفاده از مدل شبیه‎سازی QUAL2Kw و الگوریتم بهینه‎سازی چندهدفه هوش جمعی ذرات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‎است. اهداف تعریف شده در مساله تخصیص بهینه بار آلودگی CBOD، بهبود کیفیت آب رودخانه قشلاق (مینیمم نمودن میزان تخطی غلظت اکسیژن محلول نسبت به مقدار استاندارد در نقاط متعدد پایش) و مینیمم نمودن هزینه‎های احداث و بهره‎برداری از واحدهای تصفیه‎خانه صنعتی و شهری امتداد رودخانه است. همچنین در مساله تخصیص بهینه بار چند آلودگی، بهبود شاخص کیفیت آبی که تجمیع اثر پارامترهای کیفی متعدد (مجموع کلیفرم، غلظت نیتروژن، غلظت فسفر، ذرات معلق و اکسیژن محلول) در نقاط پایش را لحاظ می‎نماید به عنوان تابع هدف کیفیت آب، تعریف گردید. نتایج نشان می‎دهند در مساله تخصیص بار CBOD، در صورت عدم تصفیه مجموع قدر مطلق تخطی اکسیژن محلول از مقدار استاندارد در نقاط پایش 5/4 میلی گرم بر لیتر و در صورت عدم تخطی از استاندارد، مجموع هزینه احداث و بهره برداری از تصفیه خانه‎ها در مدت 25 سال حدود 290 میلیارد ریال خواهد بود. همچنین در مساله تخصیص بهینه بار چند آلاینده، هزینه‎های تصفیه‎خانه‎ها افزایش قابل توجهی نسبت به مساله تخصیص بار یک آلاینده می‎یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Single/Multi Waste Load Allocation in Gheshlagh River; Simulation-Optimization Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • H Khoshkam 1
  • M Saadatpour 2
  • N Heidarzadeh 3
1 M. Sc. Graduated Student of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. msaadatpour@iust.ac.ir
3 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Technical Faculty, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. n.heidarzadeh@khu.ac.ir
چکیده [English]

In this research, single/multi waste load allocation problems are considered with QUAL2Kw and multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm tools. Improving water quality in Gheshlagh river (minimization of DO violation from standard value) and minimization of construction and operation costs of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants are defined as objective functions in CBOD waste load allocation problem. Improving the integrated water quality index (the index integrates the effects of T. Coliform, nitrogen concentration, phosphorous concentration, total suspended solid, and dissolved oxygen) in various monitoring stations is defined as water quality objective in multi waste load allocation problem. The results show that in CBOD waste load allocation problem without any water treatment plant, the sum of DO violation in various monitoring stations is 4.5 mg/L. Also no water quality standard violations occurs when the construction and operation cost of wastewater treatment plant is 290 ×109 Rials in 25 years. In multi waste load allocation problem the wastewater treatment plant costs increase considerably more than single waste load allocation problem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
  • Optimum Waste Load Allocation
  • QUAL2Kw Model
  • Water Quality Index
  • Gheshlagh River
Afshar A, Kazemi H, Saadatpour M (2011) Particle swarm optimization for automatic calibration of large scale water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2): application to Karkheh reservoir, Iran. Water Resource Management 25:2613–2632
Afshar A, Masoumi F (2016) Waste load reallocation in river–reservoir systems: simulation–optimization approach. Environmetal Earth Science 75:53, doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4812-x
Asheghmoala M, Fazel AM, Homami M (2014) The effect of river assimilative capacity in determination of allowable water quality parameters in sewages. Environmental Science and Engineering 1(4):37-49 (In Persian)
Ashtiani F, Niksokhan MH, Ardestani M (2015) Multi-objective waste load allocation in river system by MOPSO algorithm. International Journal of Environmental Research 9(1):69-76
Berger CJ, Annear RL, Wells SA (2002) Willamette river and Columbia river waste load allocation model. In: Proc. of the 2nd Federal Inter Agency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, July 28-Aug 1, Las Vegas, USA
Jafari Salim B (2009) Identification of pollution sources and pollution load determination in Gheshlagh river.  MS. Thesis, College of Environment, Tehran University (In Persian)
Pelletier G, Chapra S (2008) QUAL2Kw: Theory and documentation; a modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality: documentation and user’s manual. Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA
Chen CF, Ma HW (2008) The uncertainty effects of design flow on water quality management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 144:81–91
Cho JH, Ahn KH, Chung WJ, Gwon EM (2003) Waste load allocation for water quality management of a heavily polluted river using linear programming. Water Science and Technology 48(10):185-90
Damghani KK, Abtahi AR, Tavana M (2013) A new multi-objective particle swarm optimization method for solving reliability redundancy allocation problems. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 111:58–75
De Andrade LN, Mauri GR, Mendonça ASF (2013) General multiobjective model and simulated annealing algorithm for waste-load allocation.  Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 139(3):339–344
Hernandez EA, Uddameri V (2013) An assessment of optimal waste load allocation and assimilation characteristics in the Arroyo Colorado river watershed: TX along the US–Mexico Border. Clean Technology Environmental Policy 15:617–631
Hosseinzadeh H, Afshar A, Sharifi F (2010) Multiobjective waste load allocation using multicolony ant algorithm. Iran-Water Resources Research 6(2):1-3
Kumar KP (2014) Development and application of multiobjective fuzzy waste load allocation model. International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science 2(9):127-138
Mostafavi SA, Afshar A (2011) Waste load allocation using non-dominated archiving multi-colony ant algorithm. Procedia Computer Science 3:64-69
Saadatpour M (2004) Simulation-optimization model in fuzzy waste load allocation. MS Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (In Persian)
Saadatpour M, Afshar A (2013) Multi objective simulation-optimization approach in pollution spill response management model in reservoirs. Water Resource Management 27:1851-1865
Saremi A, Sedghi H, Manshouri M, Kave F (2010) Development of multi-objective optimal waste model for Haraz river.  World Applied Sciences Journal 11(8):924-929
Sharifi F, Fang L, Afshar A (2010) A negotiation based approach to waste load allocation problems. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, October 10-13, Istanbul, Turkey
Swamee PK, Tyagi A (2000) Describing water quality with aggregate index. Journal of Environmental Engineering 126:451-455
Vasudevan M, Nambi IM, Kumar GS (2011) Application of QUAL2K for assessing waste loading senario in river Yamuna. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology 2(2):336-344
Yandamuri SRM, Srinivasan K, Bhallamudi SM (2006) Multiobjective optimal waste load allocation models for rivers using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 132(3):133-143
Zewdie M, Bhallamudi SM (2011) Multi objective optimization model for waste load allocation in a tidal river. In: Proc. of the 3rd International CEMEPE & SECOTOX Conference, June 19-24, Skiathos, Greec