شبیه‌سازی میزان نیترات ورودی از زمین های کشاورزی به رودخانه با استفاده از مدل SWAT (مطالعه موردی : زنجان رود)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زنجان

2 کارشناس ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

در این مطالعه میزان نیترات ورودی از زمین های کشاورزی به رودخانه زنجان‌رود با استفاده از مدل SWAT شبیه‌سازی شده است. برای واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی از نرم‌افزار SWAT-CUP و مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده شدت‌جریان متوسط ماهانه در ایستگاه آب‌سنجی سرچم بین سال‌های (2010-1996)، استفاده شده و برای تحلیل حساسیت 26 پارامتر حساس انتخاب شده است. سه گزینه برای شیوه آبیاری، سه گزینه برای میزان کود مصرفی و دو گزینه تلفیقی تعریف‌شده است. به‌منظور تحلیل عدم قطعیت از شاخص‌های p-factor و r-factor و تحلیل کیفیت نتایج مدل از دو شاخص ضریب تعیین(R2) و ضریب نش-ساتکلیف (NS) استفاده شده است. در مرحله واسنجی رواناب ماهانه، در خروجی حوضه ضرایب r-factor ،p-factor ،R2 ،NS ، به ترتیب 27/0، 11/0، 83/0 و 53/0 و در مرحله اعتبارسنجی به ترتیب 60/0، 18/0، 73/0 و 53/0 بدست آمده است. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطح آبیاری تحت‌فشار میزان نیترات ورودی به زنجان رود تغییر چشم‌گیری ندارد. در رابطه با میزان کود، کاهش 50 درصدی مصرف کودهای اوره، مقدار نیترات ورودی به رودخانه زنجان‌رود را به میزان 7/16 درصد کاهش داده است. از طرفی افزایش 50 درصدی مصرف کودها، نیترات ورودی را به میزان 2/17 درصد افزایش داده است. با تغییر شیوه آبیاری سطحی به تحت‌فشار و افزایش راندمان آبیاری، تغییر چشمگیری در میانگین میزان نیترات ورودی به منابع آب سطحی ایجاد نمی‌شود. همچنین با کاهش مقادیر کود‌دهی و جلوگیری از کود‌دهی بی‌رویه به‌وسیله کشاورزان، به میزان زیادی می‌توان مانع آلودگی منابع آب‌های سطحی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulation of nitrate input from agricultural land to the river using the SWAT model (Case Study: Zanjanrood)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Misaghi 1
  • Maryam Nouri 2
1 Assistant Professor, Water engineering Department, University of Zanjan.
2 Master of Science in Irrigation and Drainage, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

In this study, the amount of nitrate input from agricultural land to Zanjanrood River has been simulated using the SWAT model. In order to calibrate and validate the results, SWAT-CUP software and measured mean monthly average flow rate at Sarcham hydrometeric station (1996-2013) were used, and 26 sensitive parameters were selected for sensitivity analysis. Three scenarios for irrigation practices, three scenarios for fertilizer rates and two integrated scenarios were defined. The p-factor and r-factor indices were used for uncertainty analysis and two statistical indices of determination coefficient (R2) and Nash-Sutcliff (NS) coefficient were used for quality analysis of the results,. In the monthly runoff calibration, at the basin outlet, the coefficients r-factor, p-factor, R2, NS were 0.27, 0.11, 0.83, and 0.53 respectively, and at the validation stage, they were 0.6, 0.18, 0.73 and 0.53. The results showed that with increasing pressurized irrigation areas, nitrate pollution in the basin was not significantly affected. With regard to fertilizer levels, by reducing consumption of urea fertilizers up to 50%, the amount of nitrate input into the Zanjanrood River reduced up to about 16.7%. On the other hand, an increase of 50% in fertilizer use has increased nitrate input into the river by 17.2%. Therefore, changing the surface irrigation method does not lead to a significant change in the average nitrate output from the basin. Also, reducing the amount of fertilization and preventing unnecessary fertilization by farmers, pollution of water resources can be greatly prevented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate
  • Fertilizer
  • Irrigation system
  • SWAT model
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