تاثیر محل دفن زباله غیر بهداشتی بر کیفیت آب های زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: شهر بروجرد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‎زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‎ طبیعی و محیط‎زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

محل‌های دفن پسماند شهری با انتشار آلاینده­‌های ناشی از نفوذ شیرابه باعث آلودگی آب­های زیرزمینی محیط پیرامون خود می­‌شوند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی کیفیت آب­های زیرزمینی مجاور محل دفن زباله‌­های شهری بروجرد انجام شد. برای سنجش متغیرهای کیفیت آب از دستگاه جذب اتمی، دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر، فلیم فتومتر، pH و EC متر استفاده شد. یافته­‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که میانگین غلظت سرب، آهن، نیکل، روی، مس، سدیم، پتاسیم، نیترات در منطقه پایین دست به ترتیب 1/35، 7/42، ND (غیرقابل تشخیص)، 2/87، 0/035، 136/84، 88/19، 17/55 میلی‎‎‌گرم بر لیتر و میانگین pH 7 و نیز میانگین EC 0/013 دسی زیمنس بر ­متر به دست آمد و در منطقه بالادست به ترتیب 1/39، 4/39، ND، 1/43، 0/01، 32/82، 2/36، 5/86 میلی‎گرم بر لیتر و میانگین pH 7/33 و نیز میانگین EC 0/008 دسی زیمنس بر ­متر بدست آمد. مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین و پارامترهای آب زیرزمینی اطراف محل دفن زباله و منطقه شاهد نشان داد که بجز فلز سرب در سایر موارد غلظت در منطقه اطراف محل دفن زباله بیش از شاهد بود. مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین و پارامترهای آب زیرزمینی اطراف محل دفن زباله و منطقه شاهد با استاندارد WHO نشان داد که مقادیر سرب و آهن (در آب­های زیرزمینی اطراف محل دفن زباله و نیز منطقه شاهد) و پتاسیم (فقط در آب­های زیرزمینی اطراف محل دفن زباله) به طور معنی‌­داری از استاندارد WHO بیشتر هستند. اما مقدار روی، مس، سدیم و نیترات از این استاندارد کم­تر می­‌باشند. نتایج شاخص­های HEI و HPI نشان­دهنده‌­ی آلودگی آب­های زیرزمینی منطقه به فلزات سنگین می‌­باشد. نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر آلودگی آب­های زیرزمینی اطراف محل دفن زباله در اثر نفوذ شیرابه زباله­های دفن شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Unsanitary Landfill on Groundwater Quality (Case Study: Borujerd City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eisa Solgi 1
  • Reza Goudarzi 2
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Municipal solid waste landfill sites contaminate the surrounding groundwater by releasing pollutants due to leachate infiltration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the groundwater quality around the Borujerd municipal landfill. To measure water quality variables, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), Flame Photometer, pH, and EC meter were used. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead, iron, nickel, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium, and nitrate in the downstream region were 1.36, 7.42, ND (Non-detectable), 2.87, 0.035, 136.84, 88.19, and 17.55 mg/l, respectively. Also the mean pH of 7 and the mean EC of 0.013 ds/cm were obtained. In the upstream region the values were 1.39, 4.39, ND, 1.43, 0.01, 32.8, 2.36, 5.86 mg/l, respectively. The mean pH was 7.33 and the mean EC was 0.008 ds/cm.
 Comparison of heavy metal concentrations and groundwater parameters around the landfill and control area showed that except for lead, concentrations around the landfill were higher than the control values. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations and groundwater parameters around landfill and control area with WHO standard showed that the values of lead and iron (in groundwater around landfill and control area) and potassium (in groundwater around landfill) was significantly higher than the WHO standard. Zinc, copper, sodium and nitrate concentrations were lower than this standard. The results of the HEI and HPI indices showed that the groundwater in the area is contaminated with heavy metals. The results of this study indicated that groundwater contamination around landfills was due to landfill leachate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landfill
  • Heavy metals
  • Leachate
  • Groundwater
  • Borujerd
Abd El-Salam MM, Abu-Zuid GI (2015) Impact of landfill leachate on the groundwater quality: A case study in Egypt. Journal of Advanced Research 6(4):579-586
Abdollahi S, Hosseini HMS, Dehghan R (2019) Evaluation of the effects of landfill on the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater (Case study: Azadshahr). Environmental Sciences 18(1):151-164 (In Persian)
Alidad  H, Ghaderifar SH, Ahmadi E, Bakhti S (2015) Comparison of chemical quality of water wells around the Mashhad's old landfill site in 2014. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences 3(2):37-43
Baghvand A, Naserzadeh R, Abdoli M, Vosoogh A )2015) Survey of contamination of groundwater resources around landfills (Case study: Takestan Landfill Center). Journal of Environmental Studies 41(4):909-921 (In Persian)
Chiamsathit C, Charin P, Thammarakcharoen S (2020) Heavy metal pollution index for assessment of seasonal groundwater supply quality in rural area, Kalasin, Thailand. NU. International Journal of Science 17(1):45-60
Dejankrcmar D, Tenodi S, Grba N, Kerkez D, Watson M, Roncevic S, Dalmacija B (2018) Preremedial assessment of the municipal landfill pollution impact on soil and shallow groundwater in Subotica, Serbia. Science of the Total Environment 615:1341–1354
Ebrahimi A, Ehrampoush M, Ghaneian M, Davoudi M, Hashemi H, Behzad SH (2009) The survey chemical quality of ground water in the vicinity of sanitary landfill of Yazd in 2008. Journal of Health System Research, Sixth Year. 6:1048-1056 (In Persian)
Edet AE, Offiong OE (2002) Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, Lower Cross River Basin (southeastern Nigeria). GeoJournal 57(4):295-304
Fletcher T (2002) Neighbourhood change at Love Canal: Contamination, evacuation and resettlement. Land Use Policy 19(4):311–323
Gajski G, Orescanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V (2012) Chemical composition and genotoxicity assessment of sanitary landfill leachate from Rovinj Coatia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 78:253-259
Goudarzi D, Lohrasbi A (2015) Environmental assessment of the Boroujerd landfill with Oleckno index and criteria of the Department of Environment (DOE). International Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering and Urban Development in the Third, Tehran (In Persian)
Gravand F, Amirnezhad R, Hejazi A (2016) Investigation of the effects of heavy metals in waste leachate on groundwater quality adjacent to Landfill. National Conference of New Research and Training, Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urbanism, and Environment of Iran, 1-12, Tehran (In Persian)
Hajinezhad A, Servati P, Yosefi H (2015) Impact of landfill leachate on groundwater quality in Bojnourd city using standard landfill design or anaerobic digester replacement. Ecohydrology 2(3):301-310 (In Persian)
Jafari K, Hafezi N, Mazlomi A, Ghzi A (2016) Investigate of heavy metal pollution downstream of Ardebil municipal landfill. Journal of Environmental Studies 1(3):489-506 (In Persian)
Kakaei K, Riyahi Bakhtiari A (2017) Investigating the impact of Hamedan landfill on groundwater and soil. Journal of Water and Soil Science 22(1):87-97
Khanlari GH, Taleb Bedakhti A, Momenin A, Ahmadi R (2012) Impact of Hamedan landfill leachate on groundwater. Iranian Society of Engineering Geology 5(3):81-92 (In Persian)
 Kwame Boateng T,  Opoku F,  Akoto O (2019) Heavy metal contamination assessment of groundwater quality: a case study of Oti landfll site, Kumasi. Applied Water Science 9:33
Mor S, Ravindra KH, Dahiya RP, Chandra A (2006) Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 118:435–456
Prasanna M, Praveena S, Chidambaram S, Nagarajan R, Elayaraja A (2012) Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring: A case study from Curtin Lake, Miri City, East Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences 67(7):1987-2001
Przydatek G, Kanownik W (2019) Impact of small municipal solid waste landfill on groundwater quality. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191(169):1-14
Rajasekhar B, Nambi IM, Kumar S (2018) Human health risk assessment of ground water contaminated with petroleum PAHs using Monte Carlo simulations: A case study of an Indian Metropolitan City. Journal of Environmental Management 205:183–191
Sabzevari Y, Haghiabi AH, Heidar Nasrollahi A (2020) Evaluation of groundwater resources quality and its effect on soil permeability in Borujerd-Doroud Plain using statistical and geostatistical analysis. Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal 8(25):27-38 (In Persian)
Shojaei S, Jahanshahi R, Mali S (2018) Evaluating the trace elements contamination and corrosive potential in the groundwater of south and southwest of Sirjan city, Iran. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards 8(21):111-128 (In Persian)
Solgi  E, Sheikhzadeh H (2016) Study of water quality of Aras River using physico-chemical variables. Iran-Water Resources Research 12(3):208-213 (In Persian)
American Public Health Association (APHA). Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Rice EW, Greenberg AE (eds.) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21th ed.), Washington, DC; 2005
Wang J, He J, Chen H (2012) Assessment of groundwater contamination risk using hazard quantifcation, a modifed DRASTIC model and groundwater value, Beijing Plain, China. Science of the Total Environment 432:216–226