تحلیل تاریخی- آسیب‌شناختی مدیریت آب شهری تهران در دوره قاجاریه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه تاریخ، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مدیریت شهری با هدف تفکر و برنامه‌ریزی در بهبود وضعیت کنونی شهر و شهروندان، تلاش می‌کند چشم‌انداز مناسبی برای توسعه و ترقی آینده ترسیم کند. مدیریت سنتی آب شهری دوره قاجاریه، علی‌رغم آگاهی تدریجی از الگوهای مدیریت مدرن در مقیاس بین‌المللی، در پیشرفت شبکه‌های آبرسانی شهر تهران ناکارآمد بود و نتوانست سازه‌های آبی شهر را به سامانه مدرن مجهز کند. درباره توسعه‌نیافتگی و ریشه‌های این ناکارآمدی ابهامات اساسی وجود دارد. این مقاله تلاش می‌کند با رویکردی تحلیلی و با روش تبیینی- تفسیری ریشه‌های توسعه‌‎نیافتگی مدیریت آب شهری و سازه‌های آبی شهر تهران را در دوره قاجاریه آسیب‌شناسی کند. نویسندگان در صدد پاسخگویی به این سؤال هستند که علی‌رغم رشد آگاهی دولتمردان از مدیریت مدرن آب شهری دیگر کشورها، چرا شبکه آبرسانی تهران دوره قاجاریه متحول نشد؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد نبود قانون مشخص و تداخل ساختاری و اداری و همچنین ترجیح منافع شخصی بر منافع عامه، طفیلی‌گری و سیاست «گریز از بحران» هنگام بروز مشکلات آب تهران، از آسیب‌های جدی و اساسی بود که مانع کارآمدی مدیریت آب شهری و در نتیجه عدم توسعه شبکه‌های آبرسانی پایدار شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Historical-Pathological Analysis of Tehran Urban Water Management in the Qajar Period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Alvandi 1
  • Maghsoud Ali Sadeghi 2
  • Hashem Aghajari 2
  • M Shahbazbegian 3
1 PhD student of Islamic Iran History, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: rezaalvandi@modares.ac.ir
2 Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: m_sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: mr.shahbazbegian@modares.ac.ir
چکیده [English]

Urban management, with the aim of thinking and planning on how to improve the current situation of a city and its citizens, tries to represent a good perspective for the future development and progress. Traditional urban water management in the Qajar period, despite its gradual awareness of modern management models on an international scale, was inefficient in developing the water supply networks in Tehran and unable to equip the city's water structures with modern systems. There are fundamental ambiguities about the underdevelopment and the roots of this inefficiency. This article employs an analytical approach and an explanatory-interpretive method in order to pathology the roots of the underdevelopment of urban water management and water structures in Tehran in the Qajar period. The authors tried to answer this question that why the water supply network of Tehran during the Qajar period was not adjusted despite the growing awareness of the government officials about the modern urban water management in other countries. The results showed that the lack of clear laws and structural and administrative interference, as well as the preference of personal interests over public interests, parasitism and "crisis escape" policy when Tehran water problems occured, were serious and fundamental harms that hinder the efficiency of urban water management and development of sustainable water supply networks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Management
  • Urban Water Management
  • Tehran Water History
  • Date of Water Piping
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