بررسی پایش سیل با استفاده از مشاهدات ماهواره‌ای GRACE و TRMM در منطقه غرب و جنوب‌غربی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی نقشه‌برداری-ژئودزی، گروه مهندسی نقشه‌برداری، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی نقشه‌برداری، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

سیل دارای تأثیرات مخرب اقتصادی، اجتماعی، و زیست‌محیطی زیادی است. وقوع این پدیده در غرب و جنوب غرب کشور ایران باعث ایجاد چالش‌­های زیادی برای منطقه و مردم آن شده است. بررسی پایش پارامترهای مؤثر بر این پدیده نقش کلیدی در کاهش مشکلات ناشی از آن دارد. یک از مهم­ترین پارامترهای هیدرولوژیکی مؤثر بر این پدیده مقدار ذخیره کلی آب زمینی (TWS) Total Water Storage  است. هدف از این مقاله به­‌کارگیری داده‌های مربوط به سری زمانی TWS ماهواره‌­های GRACE و GRACE FO و همچنین سری زمانی داده‌­های بارش به‌دست‌آمده از ماهواره TRMM (The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)، برای استخراج شاخص پتانسیل سیل (FPI) Flood Potential Index برای بررسی وقوع سیلاب در منطقه مورد­مطالعه است. محدوده مکانی مورد­بررسی در این تحقیق در حدفاصل 49-45 درجه طول جغرافیایی و 35-30 درجه عرض جغرافیایی است که بسیاری از مناطق غرب و جنوب­‌غربی کشور ایران را دربرمی‌­گیرد و دوره زمانی موردمطالعه از سال 2002 تا اواخر سال 2019 است. در این تحقیق ابتدا آنومالی TWS استخراج‌شده از داده‌­های جفت ماهواره­‌های­ GRACE به کمک معادله توازن آب و داده‌­های بارشی ماهواره TRMM، داده­‌های تبخیر و تعرق سنجنده MODIS و داده­‌های رواناب مدل هیدرولوژی GLDAS اعتبارسنجی شدند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده برای ماهواره‌های GRACE و GRACE FO به ترتیب مقادیر RMSE و 0/034 و 0/051 متر را به دست دادند. سپس به­‌منظور پیش‌­بینی امکان وقوع سیلاب، فرآیند تعیین مقدار پتانسیل سیل (FPA) Flood Potential Amount با استفاده از داده‌­های TWS ماهواره‌­های GRACE، GRACE FO و داده‌های بارشی ماهواره TRMM در بین سال‌­های 2002 تا اواخر سال 2019 انجام شد. درنهایت از FPA به‌دست‌آمده برای تعیین FPI استفاده شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که شاخص FPI قادر به تشخیص بسیاری از سیل‌­های رخ‌داده در منطقه موردمطالعه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating of floods monitoring using GRACE and TRMM observations in the West and South West of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abouzar Feizollahi 1
  • Eslam Javadnia 2
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Surveying-Geodesy Engineering, Department of Surveying Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Surveying Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Floods have many negative economic, social, and 
environmental impacts. The occurrence of this phenomenon in 
the West and South West of Iran has caused many challenges 
for the region and its communities. Investigating the flood 
monitoring parameters plays a key role in reducing the 
problems in the area. One of the most important hydrological 
parameters affecting this phenomenon is the the Total Water 
Storage (TWS). The purpose of this study is to use the GRACE 
and GRACE FO TWS time series data, as well as TRMM (The 
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) rainfall time series, to 
extract the flood potential index (FPI). FPI is used to check the 
occurrence of floods in the study area. The geographical area 
investigated in this research was between 45-49N and 30-
35E, which includes most of the West and South West parts 
of Iran. The studied time period was from 2002 to the end of 
2019. The TWS anomaly extracted from the data of the 
GRACE satellites was validated using the water balance 
equation and TRMM satellite precipitation data, MODIS 
evapotranspiration data, and GLDAS hydrological model 
runoff data. The results obtained for GRACE and FO GRACE 
satellites yielded RMSE values of 0.034 and 0.051 meters, 
respectively. Then, in order to predict the possibility of floods, 
the process of determining the Flood Potential Amount (FPA) 
was run using the the GRACE/GRACE FO TWS data and the 
TRMM rainfall data between 2002 and the end of 2019. 
Finally, the obtained FPA was used to determine the FPI. The 
results showed that the FPI index is able to detect many floods 
that occurred in the studied area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ground Water Storage
  • GRACE
  • Precipitation
  • Flood Potential Index
Ahmadzadeh H, Saeed abadi R, Noori A (2015) Investigation and zoning of flood-prone areas using the method of urban floods (case study: Mako city). Hydrogeomorphology 1(2):1-23(In Persian)
Azari H, Motakan A, Shakiba A, Poorali H (2009) Flood simulation and warning by integrating hydrologist models in GIS and estimating precipitation through remote sensing. Iranian Journal of Geology 3(9):39-51 (In Persian)
Beaudoing H, and Rodell M  (2016) GLDAS Noah land surface model L4 monthly 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2. 1. Greenbelt, Maryland
Educational Research and Planning Organization (2003) Geography of Khuzestan province, Iran. Textbook Publishing Company, Tehran, 1(1):2-3 (In Persian)
Farokhnia A and Morid S (2014) Assessment of GRACE and GLDAS capabilities for estimation of water balance in large scale areas, a case study of Urmia Lake Watershed. Iran-Water Resources Research 10(1):51-62 (In Persian).
Flechtner F, Morton P, Watkins M, and Webb F (2014) Status of the GRACE follow-on mission In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems. Proceedings of the IAG Symposium GGHS2012, Venice, Italy, Springer International Publishing 12(3):117-121
General Directorate of Meteorology of Khuzestan Province (2016) Department of applied research of Khuzestan Province, Geographical and Climatic Characteristics of Khuzestan Province 1(1):1-16 (In Persian)
Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces (2006) Atlas of Iran's Borders, Tehran, Geographical Organization Publications (limited and domestic publication) 1(3):1-68 (In Persian)
Ghasemi A, Haji Babaei E, Shamsai A (2013) Flood management and forecasting and warning system. National Flood Management Conference, Tehran (In Persian)
Hosseini Moghari SM., Araghinejad S, and Ebrahimi K (2019) Application of GRACE satellite observations in drought monitoring (Case Study: Markazi Basin, IRAN). Iran-Water Resources Research 15(1):92-103 (In Persian)
Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Bolvin DT, and Nelkin EJ (2010) The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA). Satellite Rainfall Applications for Surface Hydrology 8(1):3-22
Jafari A (1999) Geology of Iran, Iran's Rivers and Rivers. Tehran, Gitashenasi 2(2):29-30 (In Persian)
Joodaki Gh (2014) Earth mass change tracking using GRACE satellite gravity data. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Kawanishi T, Kuroiwa H, Kojima M, Oikawa K, Kozu T, Kumagai H, Okamoto KI, Okumura M, Nakatsuka H and Nishikawa K (2000) TRMM precipitation radar. Advances in Space Research 25(5):969-972
Kornfeld RP, Arnold BW, Gross MA, Dahya NT, Klipstein WM, Gath PF and Bettadpur S (2019) GRACE-FO: the gravity recovery and climate experiment follow-on mission. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 56(3):931-951
Landerer FW, Swenson SC (2012) Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates. Water Resources Research 48(3):1-11
Long D, et al. (2015) Deriving scaling factors using a global hydrological model to restore GRACE total water storage changes for China's Yangtze River Basin. Remote Sensing of Environment 168(1):177-193
Molodtsova T, Molodtsov S, Kirilenko A, Zhang XD, VanLooy J (2016) Evaluating flood potential with grace in the united states. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 16(1):1011–1018
Mu Q, Zhao M, and Running SW (2013) MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) product (NASA MOD16A2/A3). Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Collection 5(1):600
Nahazi G (1999) Water crisis in the Middle East. Tehran, Middle East Strategic Studies Center 2-3(14) (In Persian)
National Mapping Agency, Geological Atlas of Iran (2002) Second edition, Chapter 1, Tehran: Country Mapping Organization (Management and Planning Organization of the Country) 2(1):9 (In Persian)
Oliveira P, et al. (2014) Trends in water balance components across the Brazilian Cerrado. Water Resources Research 50(9):7100-7114
Rahman M, Di L (2017) The state of the art of spaceborne remote sensing in flood management. Natural Hazards 85(2):1223-1248
Reager J, Famiglietti J (2009) Global terrestrial water storage capacity and flood potential using GRACE. Geophysical Research Letters 36(23)
Rezvani Faezifar R, Safari R, Ramouz S (2022) Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin. Iranian Journal of Geophysics 16(1):7 (In Persian)
Sun Z, et al. (2017) Assessing terrestrial water storage and flood potential using GRACE data in the Yangtze River basin, China. Remote Sensing 9(10):1011
Tapley BD, Bettadpur S, Ries JC, Thompson PF ,and Watkins MM (2004) GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system. Science 305(5683):503-505
Tapley BD, Watkins M M, Flechtner F, Reigber C, Bettadpur S, Rodell M, Sasgen I, Famiglietti JS, Landerer FW, Chambers DP and Reager JT (2019) Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change. Nature Climate Change 9(5):358-369
Wahr J, et al. (1998) Time variability of the Earth's gravity field: Hydrological and oceanic effects and their possible detection using GRACE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103(B12):30205-30229
Xiao C, Zhong Y, Feng W, Gao W, Wang Z, Zhong M and Ji B  (2022) Monitoring the catastrophic flood with GRACE-FO and near-real-time precipitation data in northern Henan Province of China in July. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 16:89-101
Yang P, Wang W, Zhai X, Xia J, Zhong Y, Luo X, Zhang S and Chen N (2022) Influence of terrestrial water storage on flood potential index in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Remote Sensing 14(13):3082
Zhang B, Xu D, Liu Y, and Chen H (2015) Review of multi-scale evapotranspiration estimation and spatio-temporal scale expansion. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 31(6):8-16
Zhang J, Liu K, and Wang M (2023) Flood detection using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Terrestrial water storage and extreme precipitation data. Earth System Science Data 15(2):521-540