هستی‌شناسی نظریه نهادگرایی نئولیبرال و نقدهای وارد بر آن در مواجهه با مناقشه‌های آبی فرامرزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مناقشه به‌عنوان جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر از تعاملات انسانی، فرآیندی درهم‌تنیده، پویا و چندبُعدی است که ارتباطی متقابل با سامانه‌های مختلف جامعه دارد. تفاوت در چارچوب‌های نظری و درک متمایز از روابط انسانی منجر به شکل‌گیری نظریه‌های مختلفی به‌منظور مواجهه با مناقشه شده است. نظریه نهادگرایی نئولیبرال ازجمله نظریه­‌های نوین در حوزه مطالعات سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی است که با تأکید بر اهمیت نهادها در شکل‌دهی به رفتارها و نتایج شکل گرفته است. مبتنی بر این نظریه، نهادهای بین‌المللی از جمله ابزارهای کارآمد برای ایجاد همگرایی و همکاری بین‌المللی هستند. بسیاری از پژوهشگران حوزه محیط‌زیست به‌طور عام و حوزه آب به‌طور خاص، مواضع نهادگرایانه را در پژوهش‌های خود مبنا قرار داده‌اند. بنا بر نظر نهادگرایان آبی، نهادهای آبی بین‌المللی می‌توانند بطور چشمگیری از مناقشه‌های آبی بین‌المللی بکاهند و منجر به ایجاد همکاری در حوضه‌های آبریز فرامرزی شوند. علیرغم اهمیت کارکردهای نهادهای آبی، عدم موفقیت عملکرد نهادها در مواجهه با برخی از این مناقشه‌ها سبب وارد شدن نقدهای جدی بر نظریه نهادگرایی شده است. با وجود اهمیت مطالعه و واکاوی مبانی نهادگرایی نئولیبرال در مواجهه با مناقشه‌های آبی فرامرزی، تاکنون پژوهش علمی مشخصی در خصوص نقد و بررسی مبانی و کارکرد نظریه نهادگرایی نئولیبرال در مواجهه با مناقشه‌های آبی بین‌المللی و همگرایی کشورهای ساحلی در حوضه‌های آبریز فرامرزی صورت نگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر درصدد تحلیل هستی‌شناسانه نظریه نهادگرایی نئولیبرال و بررسی نقدهای وارد بر آن در مواجهه با مناقشه‌های آبی و شکل‌گیری همکاری مؤثر در حوضه‌های آبریز فرامرزی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Criticizing the Ontology of Neoliberal Institutionalism Theory in Transboundary Water Disputes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reihane Nofeli 1
  • Seyede Simin Mirhashemi Dehkordi 2
  • Hamid Reza Barjeste 3
  • Behnam Andik 4
  • Hojjat Mianabadi 5
1 M.Sc. student in Water Resources Management and Planning, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.Sc. Graduate of Water Resources Management and Planning, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Conflict, an inevitable part of human interactions, is a complex, dynamic, and multidisciplinary process with interactions with a variety of social systems. The differences in theoretical frameworks and distinct understanding of human relations led to the formation of different theories to deal with the conflict. Neoliberal institutionalism is one of the novel theories in the field of political, economic, and social studies, emphasizing the importance of institutions in shaping behavior. According to this theory international institutions are effective tools for creating convergence and international cooperation. Liberal institutionalist perspectives are widely accepted and used by researchers in the fields of environment and water management. Water institutionalists believe that international water institutions can significantly reduce international water conflicts and promote water cooperation. However since water institutions have not always succeeded in that aim, serious criticisms have been made on institutionalism theory. Despite the importance of studying and analyzing the theoretical background of the neoliberal institutionalism and transboundary water conflicts, no specific scientific research has been conducted in this regard.  This study critically examines the capacity of neoliberal institutionalism to deal with water conflicts and to facilitate effective cooperation in transboundary river basins.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Conflicts
  • Institutionalism Theory
  • Anarchy
  • State-Centric
  • Instrumental Rationality
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