تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تعیین منشأ سولفات در چشمه های کارستی با استفاده از ایزوتوپ سولفور، جنوب غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری هیدروژئولوژی، گروه زمین‌شناسی معدنی و آب، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی معدنی و آب، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 استاد گروه زمین‌شناسی معدنی و آب، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
آبخوان­‌های کارستی که یکی از منابع اصلی تأمین آب شرب خوزستان هستند، بسیار آسیب‌پذیر هستند و هیدروژئوشیمی این آب­ها تحت تأثیر عوامل طبیعی و آنتروپوژنیک قرار دارد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی هیدروژئوشیمی یون­های اصلی و تعیین منشأ سولفات در چشمه‌های گوگردی، چشمه­‌های غیرگوگردی (چشمه‌­های آلوده‌شده با نفت) و شورابه­‌های نفتی در جنوب غرب ایران با استفاده از ایزوتوپ پایدار سولفور می‌­باشد. بدین منظور پس از بررسی و مطالعات صحرایی شش نمونه آب زیرزمینی گوگردی، هفت نمونه آب زیرزمینی غیرگوگردی و شش نمونه شورابه نفتی جمع‌‎آوری و مورد سنجش یون­های اصلی و ایزوتوپ­های پایدار δ34SSO4 و δ18OSO4 قرار گرفت. نمودار­های ترکیبی هیدروشیمی به منظور استنباط برهمکنش سنگ/ آب و شناسایی فرآیندهای هیدروژئوشیمی استفاده شد. نمودار­های ایزوتوپی  δ34SSO4و δ18OSO4 و نمودار­های ترکیبی سولفات و یون­های اصلی به منظور شناسایی منشأ سولفات مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نمونه‌های آب زیرزمینی سه رخساره آنیونی خاص سولفاته - کلسیک از انحلال گچ، بی کربناته- کلسیک از انحلال کلسیت و کلروره - سدیک از آلودگی شورابه­‌های نفتی را نشان می‌دهند. با توجه به نمودارهای ترکیبی هیدروژئوشیمیایی و ایزوتوپی سه فرآیند برهمکنش آب و سنگ (انحلال ژیپس، انحلال کربنات و انحلال هالیت) در آبخوان‌های کارستی مورد مطالعه مشخص شد که در میان این سه فرآیند، به نظر می‌رسد انحلال ژیپس در درجه اول مسئول ترکیب املاح آبخوان­‌های کارستی باشد. مقادیر ایزوتوپی δ34SSO4 آب­های زیرزمینی بین 18/06 تا 33/06 و مقادیر ایزوتوپی δ18OSO4 بین 11/07 تا 16/07 تغییر می‌­کند. نتایج نشان داد که سولفات حاصل برهم‌کنش آب و سنگ‌های تبخیری (انحلال گچ در سازند گچساران و یا گچ موجود در مخزن کربناته) است. با توجه به مقادیر ایزوتوپی δ18OSO4 و δ34SSO4 سولفات، مشخص شد که سولفات آب نمونه‌­های S2 و  S6 (چشمه گوگردی گرو و چشمه قیری دهلران) و شورابه نفتی چاه W1 متأثر از تجزیه مواد نفتی موجود بوده است. مجموعه داده‌­های ژئوشیمیایی حاصل از این مطالعه، همراه با داده­‌های منتشر شده قبلی، درک جامعی از منشأ سولفات آب زیرزمینی در این منطقه به دست داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Determination of Sulfate Sources in Karst Springs in Southwest Iran Using Sulfur Isotope

نویسندگان English

Narges Bayat 1
Farshad Alijani 2
Hamid Reza Nasseri 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Hydrogeology, Department of Minerals and Groundwater Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Minerals and Groundwater Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Minerals and Groundwater Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Karstic springs, which are one of the main sources of drinking water supply in Khuzestan Province, are highly vulnerable and susceptible to contamination and their hydrochemistry is influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. The aim of this research is to investigate the hydrogeochemistry of major ions and determine the origin of sulfates in sulfuric springs, non-sulfuric springs (springs contaminated with oil), and oil field water samples in southwestern Iran using stable sulfur isotopes. For this purpose, six samples of sulfuric groundwater, seven samples of non-sulfuric groundwater, and six samples of oil field waters were collected and analyzed for major ions and stable isotopes δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4. Hydrochemical composition diagrams were used to infer the rock/water interaction and identify hydrogeochemical processes. Isotopic diagrams of δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4, as well as combined diagrams of sulfates and major ions, were used to identify the origin of sulfates. Groundwater samples exhibit three specific anionic facies: sulfate - calcium resulting from gypsum dissolution, bicarbonate - calcium from calcite dissolution, and chloride-sodium from contamination by oil field waters. Based on hydrogeochemical and isotopic composition diagrams, three interacting processes of water and rock (gypsum dissolution, carbonate dissolution, and halite dissolution) were identified in the karstic aquifers under study. Among these processes, gypsum dissolution appears to be the primary contributor to the composition of solute in karstic aquifers. The isotopic values of δ34SSO4 in groundwater range from 18.06 to 33.06, and the values of δ18OSO4 range from 11.07 to 16.07, indicating that sulfate is derived from the interaction of water and evaporitic rocks (gypsum dissolution in the Gachsaran Formation or gypsum present in carbonate reservoirs). Considering the oxygen-18 and sulfur-34 isotopic values of sulfates, it was determined that the sulfate in the sulfuric springs of S2 and S6 samples (Garu sulfate spring and Dehloran bitumen spring) and in the oil field water from well W1 is influenced by the decomposition of petroleum substances. The geochemical dataset obtained from this study, along with previously published data, provides a comprehensive understanding of the origin of groundwater sulfates in this region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sulfuric and Non-Sulfuric Springs
Oil Field Water
Hydrogeochemistry
Sulfur Isotopes
Southwest Iran
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  • تاریخ دریافت 09 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 05 فروردین 1403