تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

چارچوب حکمرانی اخلاق­محور آب: چالش­ها و پیشنهادهایی برای اصلاح ساختار آب کشور ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حکمرانی آب، دانشکده حکمرانی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد دانشکده حکمرانی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در دهه‌های اخیر، کاهش منابع تجدیدپذیر آب، افزایش تقاضا، تغییرات اقلیمی و ضعف مدیریتی، چالش‌های جدی در حوزه حکمرانی منابع آبی ایجاد کرده است. در این میان، توجه به اخلاق به‌عنوان مؤلفه‌ای مغفول در ساختار حکمرانی آب، می‌تواند رویکردی ارزش‌محور برای تحقق مدیریت پایدار باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی چالش‌های اخلاقی در حکمرانی آب ایران، از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان و تحلیل اسناد کتابخانه‌ای انجام شد. روش تحقیق کیفی بوده و داده‌ها از ۱۴ مصاحبه تخصصی استخراج و سپس پیاده‌سازی، کدگذاری و با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA 2020 تحلیل مضمون شدند. تمایز اصلی این مطالعه نسبت به تحقیقات پیشین، تمرکز بر مفاهیم اخلاقی و ساختارهای نهادی حکمرانی آب، فراتر از ملاحظات صرفاً فنی است. نتایج نشان داد که چالش‌های اخلاقی حکمرانی آب در پنج دسته اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، محیط‌زیستی و ساختاری قابل طبقه‌بندی‌اند. همچنین، مجموعه‌ای از سیاست‌های پیشنهادی برای بهبود حکمرانی ارائه گردید که از جمله آن‌ها می‌توان به تدوین «گزارش ملی آب»، انتشار «گزارش ملی تعارض منافع نهادی»، ایجاد «نهاد پایش تعارض منافع آب و محیط‌زیست»، تشکیل «شورای مشارکتی آب» در سطح استان‌ها، راه‌اندازی «کمیته‌های فرارشته‌ای حکمرانی آب»، ایجاد «سامانه ملی شفافیت آب»، اجرای طرح «بازطراحی نهادی مبتنی بر مهندسی معکوس» و تقویت ارزش‌های اخلاقی اجتماعی از طریق آموزش عمومی اشاره کرد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عملیاتی کردن اصول اخلاقی در حکمرانی آب می‌تواند چالش‌های بخش‌های مختلف توسعه پایدار مرتبط با منابع آب را کاهش داده و نقشه راهی برای عبور از بحران کنونی ترسیم نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Ethics-Based Water Governance Framework: Challenges and Reform Suggestions for Iran's Water Structure

نویسندگان English

Hamideh Baseri Baghsiyah 1
Mahdi Zarghami 2
Seiyed Mossa Hosseini 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Governance, Governance Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Governance Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Physical Geography Deptment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

This study aims to examine the ethical challenges in water governance and structure in Iran by analyzing both international and national experiences through interviews with domestic experts. It also proposes reform measures and policy recommendations in this area. This research adopts a qualitative methodology with data collected through a review of library-based documents and interviews with 14 experts. The interviews were then analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software. The process included transcription, summarization, coding, and ultimately and thematic analysis. Unlike many studies that focus on technical matters, this research explores the structural and institutional aspects of ethical concepts and water governance frameworks. The findings indicate that ethical challenges in water governance fall into socioeconomic, cultural,, environmental, and structural. In response to these challenges several policy proposals were presented. These include the preparation of a «National Water Report», the drafting of a «National Report on Institutional Conflicts of Interest in Water Governance», the establishment of a «Monitoring Body for Conflicts of Interest in the Water and Environmental Sectors», the formation of «Provincial Water Participation Councils», the creation of «Interdisciplinary Water Governance Committees», the launch of a «National Water Transparency Platform», the proposal for an «Institutional Redesign of Water Resources Based on Reverse Engineering of Successful Past Structures», and the promotion of «ethical and social values in water governance through public education programs». Practical attention to ethical principles in water governance is essential to minimizing challenges across various aspects of sustainable water development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Water ethics
water governance
ethical challenges
water structure
(2017) The relevance of ethical factors in the pursuit of integrated water resources management. Global Water Ethics. Routledge, 131–147
Bilalova S, Newig J, Tremblay-Lévesque L-C, Roux J, Herron C, and Crane S (2023) Pathways to water sustainability? A global study assessing the benefits of integrated water resources management. Journal of Environmental Management. Academic Press 343:118179
Denzin NK and Lincoln YS (2011) The sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage, 23p.
Farajzadeh M and Khalili A (2020) Social conflicts over water in Iran: An environmental justice perspective. Iranian Studies, Taylor & Francis 53(5–6):877–894
Gerlak AK, Wilder M, and Eaton D (2024) Rethinking water governance under uncertainty. Water International 49(1):12–27
Ghanbari S, Derakhshan M, Zandi Kh, and Panahi H (2017) Factor structure and internal consistency of the organizational ethics and virtue questionnaire. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology 11(3):69–76 (In Persian)
Groenfeldt D (2016) Cultural water wars: Power and hegemony in the semiotics of water. The Politics of Fresh Water, Routledge 143–156
Groenfeldt D (2019) Water ethics: A values approach to solving the water crisis. Routledge, 248P.
Groenfeldt D and Schmidt JJ (2013) Ethics and water governance. Ecology and Society, JSTOR 18(1):14
Gustafsson KM and Lidskog R (2021) The role of trust and knowledge in environmental governance. Sustainability, MDPI 13(3):1082
Heydari M, Jahani D, Dalir E, & Haqi Y (2023) Explaining the factors affecting the social governance of water with a bioethics approach. Quarterly Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology 12(37), 18p (In Persian)
Hosseini S M (2024) A review of the ethical principles of water governance. Fifth Iranian Congress of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering, Isfahan, 12p. (In Persian)
Hosseini S M (2024) Water ethics: A values approach to solving the water crisis. Translated by Hosseini S M., University of Tehran Press, 265p. (In Persian)
Jackson S and Barber M (2019) Indigenous water values and water governance in Australia: A critical review. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, Taylor & Francis 26(3):210–223
Joghataei, Valdani M, and Akhlaq Nejad (2017) Ethics of water management and its relationship with environmental ethics in Islam. Islamic Research and Natural Resources, 8p (In Persian)
Lincoln YS and Guba EG (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications
Loftus A (2009) Rethinking political ecologies of water. Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis 30(5):953–968
Lv C, Chen Y, and Huang Q (2025) Intergenerational equity based optimization model joint of water allocation and water quality management. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group UK London 15(1):19569
Madani K (2014) Water management in Iran: What is causing the looming crisis? Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 4:315–328
Mehta L (2018) Water justice and the politics of scale. Geoforum 89:84–92
Mehta L, Thompson L and Movik S (2024) Human rights, ethics and equity in water governance. International Journal of Water Resources Development 40(2):145–160
Molaei A and Amini A (2022) Explaining the Islamic jurisprudential and moral aspects in water management. Political Planning of Space 4(4):321–341 (In Persian)
Nabiafjadi S, Sharifzadeh M, Fami HS, and Ahmadvand M (2024) A comparative analysis of good water governance in Iran’s water-poor basins. Water Resources Management 38(15):6025–6044
Norman ES, Bakker K, and Cook C (2023) Towards ethical water governance. Water Alternatives 16(1):1–18
Pahl-Wostl C, Lebel L, Knieper C, and Nikitina E (2016) The role of governance modes and meta-governance in the transformation of water governance. Environmental Science & Policy 61:4–19
Perreault T and Wessel A (2024) Ethics and the politics of water. Geoforum 149:103946
Rezaei M (2023) Water ethics. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development 9(4):59-76
Schmidt JJ and Matthews N (2018) From state to system: Financialization and the transformation of water governance. Geoforum 89:150–157
Schmidt JJ and Peppard CZ (2014) Water ethics on a human‐dominated planet: Rationality, context and values in global governance. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 1(6):533–547
Schulz C, Wolf LJ, Martin-Ortega J, Glenk K, and Gischler M (2024) Valuing water: A global survey of the values that underpin water decisions. Environmental Science & Policy 153:103685
Smith JA, Flowers P, and Larkin M (2009) Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: SAGE Publications
Zarghami M, Ghotbizadeh M, Zeinali M, Rahimi M, Abol-Hosseini S, Akhavan A (2022) Roadmap for developing national infrastructure for dissemination of climate data. Presidential Institute for Technological Studies and Sharif University of Technology, 242p (In Persian)
Zeitoun M, Allan T, and Warner J (2023) The ethical political economy of water justice. WIREs Water 10(5):e1627
Zwarteveen M, Kemerink‐Seyoum JS, Kooy M, Evers J, Guerrero TA, Batubara B, Biza A, Boakye‐Ansah A, Faber S, and Cabrera Flamini A (2017) Engaging with the politics of water governance. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 4(6):e1245
 
 
دوره 21، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 75
,ویژه نامه اصلاح ساختار حکمرانی آب کشور
پاییز 1404
صفحه 185-203

فایل‌های تکمیلی/اضافی

  • تاریخ دریافت 26 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 آبان 1404