ارتباط بین ضریب فشردگی حوضه آبریز با ویژگی های فراکتال آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار/ گروه مهندسی عمران- آب ، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران/مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران

چکیده

تأثیر شکل حوضه بر رواناب سطحی و هیدروگراف امریست محرز،از این رو عده ی زیادی از محققین این موضوع را مورد بررسی قرار داده اند.هندسه فراکتال نیز به عنوان یکی از روش‌های جدید می‌تواند در علم ژئومورفولوژی رودخانه‌ای به کار گرفته شود و به یافتن روابطی بین شکل حوضه و هیدروگراف کمک کند.اساسی ترین ویژگی فرکتالی که در مورد این پدیده ها تحلیل مـی شـود، بعد فرکتال است که اهمیت زیادی در شناخت رفتار و پیش بینی تغییرات رودخانـه دارد . در این تحقیق به دنبال بررسی میزان انطباق هیدروگراف واحد مصنوعی فراکتال و هیدروگراف واحد مثلثی NRCS و ارتباط آن با میزان ضریب فشردگی حوضه می باشیم. به این منظور حوضه ی وال نات گولچ آمریکا را انتخاب و برای 12 زیر حوضه ی آن ضریب فشردگی محاسبه و هیدروگراف واحد مثلثی (NRCS) ، همچنین هیدروگراف واحد مثلثی فراکتالی رسم و با هم مقایسه کردیم، نتایج حاکی از آن بود که هر چه ضریب فشردگی به 5/1 نزدیکتر باشد یعنی حوضه دایره ای تر باشد هیدروگراف ها تطابق بیشتری دارند در واقع روش ابداعی هیدروگراف فراکتالی بهتر جواب می دهد، مانند زیر حوضه های 5، 7 ، 8 ، 9 و 11 وهر چه عدد ضریب فشردگی از 5/1 فاصله بگیرد تطابق کمتر می شود مانند زیر حوضه های 1 و 10 .

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between watershed compactness coefficient and the fractal characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • M . H Fattahi 1
  • Z. Talebzadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Civil Eng. Department, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Civil Eng. Department, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of watershed form on the surface runoff and hydrograph is an obvious issue. Hence a large number of researchers have considered the issue. Fractal geometry, as one of new methods, can be applied in geomorphology of rivers and also help to find some relationship between watershed form and hydrograph. The most fundamental fractal characteristic which is analyzed about the phenomenon is the fractal dimension that have a great importance for understand and prediction of river changes. In this study, we consider the consistency (match) level of artificial unit hydrograph of fractal and NRCS triangular unit hydrograph and its relationship with the compactness coefficient of watershed. To this end, Walnut Gulch watershed of America was chosen and the compactness coefficient was also calculated for its 11 sub-watershed (sub- basin), and then, NRCS triangular unit hydrograph, fractal triangular unit hydrograph were depicted and compared with each other. Results showed that whether compactness coefficient is closer to 1.5, namely watershed is more circular, hydrographs are more compatible. In fact, the innovative method of fractal hydrograph is more appropriate, like watersheds 5,7,9 and 11, and whether compactness coefficient is far from 1.5, the consistency is reduced, like sub-basins 1 and 11.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fractal
  • geomorphology
  • unit hydrograph
  • walnut gulch
  • Compactness coefficient
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