کاربست داده های بازتحلیل و دیده بانی جهت مقایسه شاخص های خشکسالی هواشناسی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه اسفراین – سبزوار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری / تخصصی بیابانزدایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان.

2 استاد/ گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استاد / گروه آموزشی مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استادیار/ گروه پژوهشی تغییر اقلیم، پژوهشکده اقلیم شناسی، سازمان هواشناسی کشور

5 دانشیار/ گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان.

چکیده

پایش و تحلیل شرایط خشکسالی ازاصلیترین نیازهای مدیریت منابع آب به شمار میرود.در این پژوهش شاخصهای SPIو SPEIجهت ارزیابی خشکسالی منطقه اسفراین-سبزوار مقایسه شدند.از آنجایی که منطقه مطالعاتی مورد نظر فاقد آمار کافی و بلندمدت جهت ارزیابی خشکسالی است،داده-های بازتحلیلERA-Interimجهت تلفیق باداده‌های دیدبانی مورداستفاده قرارگرفت.برای این منظوربااستفاده ازرابط وب،اسکریپتPython،ECMWF WebAPIو نرم‌افزار ArcGIS؛داده‌های اقلیمی بارش ودما برای هر یک از ایستگاه‌هادردوره آماری 1979 تا 2016 استخراج شد.پس ازاصلاح اُریبی داده‌هابراساس داده‌های دیدبانی،داده‌های تلفیقی بارش و دما برای دوره آماری مورد نظر بدست آمد که مبنای محاسبه خشکسالی قرار گرفت.در نهایت ارزیابی خشکسالی و برآورد همبستگی شاخص‌های SPI و SPEI سه ایستگاه سرچشمه،قاسم‌آبادو جغتای درمقیاس زمانی3،6،12،18 و 24 ماهه صورت گرفت.پس از تهیه داده‌های تلفیقی بازتحلیل و دیدبانی،میانگین مربعات خطا و اُریبی به ترتیب از39/0 و 69/6 به 32/0و24/0 کاهش یافت؛در نتیجه می‌توان از این داده‌ها جهت ارزیابی خشکسالی در مناطقی که داده‌های دیدبانی در دسترس نیستند و یا پراکنش نامناسبی دارند،استفاده کرد.نتایج ارزیابی خشکسالی نشان داددر مقیاس‌های زمانی کوتاه‌مدت فراوانی دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب زیاد است که با افزایش مقیاس زمانی فراوانی دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب کاهش می‌یابداما تداوم آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد.در ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه در اکثر موارد هماهنگی در دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب در هر دو شاخص دیده شد. بر اساس نتایج عرضه شده در خصوص همبستگی بین شاخص‌های خشکسالیSPIوSPEIمشاهده شد که در همه ایستگاه های مورد بررسی،بین شاخص‌های خشکسالی مورد استفاده همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد.که این همبستگی در مناطق مرطوب‌تر بالاتر است. در نتیجه می‌توان از شاخصSPIدر مناطق فاقد داده دما و با دقت شاخصSPEIاستفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Reanalysis and Observational Data for Comparison of Drought indices (Case Study: Esfarayen Sabzevar Region)

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Silakhori 1
  • M. Ownegh 2
  • A. Mosaedi 3
  • I. Babaeian 4
  • A.R. Salman-mahini 5
1 PhD Student of Combating Desertification, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Watershed and Desert Area Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Gorgan, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Watershed and Rangeland Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Climate Change Division, Climate Research Institute (CRI), Mashhad; Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

In present paper,Standard Precipitation Index SPI and SPEI indices were compared in order to assessment of drought conditions in the Esfarayen-Sabzevar region.As the aforementioned region does not have sufficient long-term data to assess the drought, reanalysis data of ERA-Interim were used to combine with the observed data.For this purpose,climatic data of precipitation and temperature were extracted for each station in the statistical period of 1979-2016 using the web interfaces,Python script,ECMWF WebAPI and ArcGIS software. After correcting the bias of the data based on observational data,combined data of precipitation and temperature were obtained for the aforementioned period that was basis for calculating the drought.Finally,drought assessment and estimating the correlation of SPI and SPEI of three stations of Sarcheshmeh,Ghasemabad,andJoghtay in the time scales of3,6,12,18,and24months were done.After generating data combination, the Root mean square error(RMSE)and Bias were decreased from0.39and6.69to0.32and0.24 respectively;therefore,these data can be used for drought assessment in areas with not available data.Results showed that in the short time scales,the frequency of dry and wet periods is high which decreases with increasing the time scale,but their continuity increases.In the stations,in most of the cases,coordination in the dry and wet periods was observed in both indices.Based on the provided results regarding the correlation between SPIand SPEI indices, there is a positive and significant correlation between above indices and the correlation is higher in the humid regions.As a result,the SPI index can be used in the regions without temperature data and with a precession similar to the SPEI index.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SPI Index
  • SPEI Index
  • Reanalysis Data
  • ERA-Interim
  • R statistical software
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